Pinsk

Pinsk is a city located in Brest Region of Belarus, in the Polesia region, at the confluence of the Pina River and the Pripyat River. The region was known as the Marsh of Pinsk and is southwest of Minsk. The population is 138,415.

The historic city has a restored city centre, with two-story buildings from the 19th century and the early 20th century. The centre has become an active place for youths of all ages with summer theme parks and a new association football stadium, which houses the city's football club, FC Volna Pinsk.

The first mention in the charter of the establishment of the Turov diocese dates back to 1005 year.

Pinsk is a city located in Brest Region of Belarus, in the Polesia region, at the confluence of the Pina River and the Pripyat River. The region was known as the Marsh of Pinsk and is southwest of Minsk. The population is 138,415.

The historic city has a restored city centre, with two-story buildings from the 19th century and the early 20th century. The centre has become an active place for youths of all ages with summer theme parks and a new association football stadium, which houses the city's football club, FC Volna Pinsk.

Pinsk (Belarusian: Пі́нск; Russian: Пи́нск [pʲin̪s̪k]; Polish: Pińsk) is a city located in Brest Region of Belarus, in the Polesia region, at the confluence of the Pina River and the Pripyat River. The region was known as the Marsh of Pinsk and is southwest of Minsk. The population is 138,415.

The historic city has a restored city centre, with two-story buildings from the 19th century and the early 20th century. The centre has become an active place for youths of all ages with summer theme parks and a new association football stadium, which houses the city's football club, FC Volna Pinsk.

Timeline up to WWI

In the 9th and 10th centuries, the town of Pinsk was majority Lithuanian

1097 - the first mention of Pinsk

1241 - transfer of the Orthodox diocese from Turov

1316 - after this date, Pinsk was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania

1396 - a Catholic church and a Franciscan monastery were erected

1523 - Pinsk becomes a royal city, first owned by Queen Bona

1569 - Pinsk becomes a seat of the poviat

1581 - king Stephen Báthory grants Pinsk city rights

1642-1646 - Saint Andrew Bobola stayed in the Jesuit monastery in Pinsk and nearby, conducting evangelistic activity

1648 - rebellion of the city and admission of Cossack forces under the command of Colonel Maxim Hładki. The slaughter of burghers not of the Orthodox religion. The assault of Janusz Radziwiłł's troops on the city, under the command of the hetman Hrehory Mirski of about 1200-1300 people, ended with the capture of the city. The city was burned to the ground and about 1/3 - 1/2 of the inhabitants were killed (it is estimated that on the eve of the Khmelnytsky Uprising, Pinsk had about 10,000 inhabitants)

1655 - Russians and Cossacks attacked the city and murdered many inhabitants.

1657 - in mid-May Zdanowicz's cossacks (about 2,000) destroyed the city and murdered many Roman Catholics. Jesuits, incl. Fr. Simon Maffon and Saint Andrew Bobola

1660 - Cossacks attacked Pinsk, robbed a Jesuit college and church, and murdered, among others Fr. Eustachy Piliński

1662 - return of the Jesuits to Pinsk, fire of the monastery after a year

1666 - foundation of the Dominican monastery

1690 - foundation of the Karolin settlement by Jan Karol Dolski

1695 - construction of a church and castle in Carolina by Michał Serwacy Wiśniowiecki

1706 - from May 5 to June 3. The capture of Pinsk by King of Sweden Charles XII. Blowing up the castle of Michał Serwacy Wiśniowiecki

1707 - the occupation of Pinsk by the army of General Halast and General Hołowina

1709–1710 and in 1716 - a great epidemic with thousands of victims

1717 - construction of the Bernardine monastery

1734 - construction of a Carmelite monastery

1756 - construction of the Mariavite Order [de] monastery

1767 - construction of the Ogiński Channel

1775 - construction of the Royal Canal

1793 - the Second Partition of the Commonwealth. Pinsk now belongs to Russian Empire.

1795 - establishment of the Catholic diocese of Pinsk (previously Pinsk was in the diocese of Lutsk)

1799 - the incorporation of Karolina into Pinsk

1796 - the liquidation of the Uniate diocese of Pinsk

1799 - liquidation of the Pinsk Catholic diocese (it was moved to Minsk)

1812 - in July, Pinsk was taken by Napoleon's army

1850 - a candle and soap factory was established

1882 - a railway line was brought from Żabinka and a match factory was opened

1885 - construction of a river shipyard in Leszcze

1907–1909 - a provincial circle of the Polish Education Association in Minsk operated in the city, which organized lectures on Polish literature and vocabulary, which, according to a report by the Russian police, "increased Polish national consciousness".

1909 - during the local elections 22 Russians, 7 Poles, 2 Jews and 1 representative of other nationalities were elected to the city council

1915 - Russian authorities abandon the city escaping from advancing German forces

WWI and Polish–Soviet War

Pinsk was occupied by the German Empire on 15 September 1915, during the First World War. After the German defeat, Pinsk became the subject of dispute between the Belarusian People's Republic and the Ukrainian People's Republic, both short-lived. Pinsk was taken by the advancing Red Army on 25 January 1919, during the Soviet westward offensive of 1918–19. It was retaken by Polish troops on 5 March 1919 during the Polish–Soviet War but was retaken by the Red Army on 23 July 1920 and finally retaken by the Polish on 26 September 1920. Pińsk became part of the reborn Poland in 1920 when the Polish-Soviet War ended with the Peace of Riga, signed in March 1921.

Like many other cities in Eastern Europe, Pinsk had a significant Jewish population before World War II. According to the Russian census of 1897, out of the total number of 28,400 inhabitants, Jews were approximately 74% of the population (21,100 persons), making it one of the most Jewish cities under tsarist rule.[5] During the Polish-Soviet War, 35 Jewish civilians from Pinsk were executed by the Polish Army in April 1919 after being accused of collaborating with Russian Bolsheviks. The incident, known as the Pinsk massacre, created a diplomatic crisis noted at the Versailles Conference.

Interwar period

Pińsk was the initial capital of the Polesie Voivodeship, but it moved to Brześć-nad-Bugiem (now Brest, Belarus) after a citywide fire on 7 September 1921. The population of the city grew rapidly in interwar Poland from 23,497 in 1921 to 33,500 in 1931. Pińsk became a bustling commercial centre, and 70% of the population was Jewish, in spite of considerable migration.

Second World War

Following the Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939, Pinsk and the surrounding area was annexed to the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic. It was the seat of the Pinsk Oblast from 1940.

After Operation Barbarossa, Germany occupied Pinsk from 4 July 1941 to 14 July 1944, as part of the Reichskommissariat Ukraine. Most Jews were killed in late October 1942 during the liquidation of the Pińsk Ghetto by the German Ordnungspolizei and the Byelorussian Auxiliary Police, 10,000 being murdered in one day. In 1945, after postwar border adjustments of Poland, Pinsk again became part of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic.

Post-WWII: USSR; Belarus state

In 1954 it became part of the Brest Voblast.

Pinsk has formed part of the Republic of Belarus since Belarusian independence from the Soviet Union in 1991.

Landmarks

Three main sights of the town are lined along the river: the Assumption Cathedral of the Monastery of the Greyfriars (1712–1730), with a campanile from 1817, the Jesuit collegium (1635–1648); a large Mannerist complex, whose cathedral was demolished after World War II by communists; and the Butrymowicz Palace (1784–1790), built for Mateusz Butrymowicz, an important political and economical figure of Pinsk and Polesie. The Church of St. Charles Borromeo (1770—1782) and St. Barbara Cathedral of the Monastery of the St. Bernard Order (1786–1787) are placed near historic centre in the former Karolin suburb, which is now part of Pinsk. The foremost modern buildings is the black-domed Orthodox Cathedral of St. Theodore.

Pinsk (Belarusian: Пі́нск; Russian: Пи́нск [pʲin̪s̪k]; Polish: Pińsk) is a city located in Brest Region of Belarus, in the Polesia region, at the confluence of the Pina River and the Pripyat River. The region was known as the Marsh of Pinsk and is southwest of Minsk. The population is 138,415.

The historic city has a restored city centre, with two-story buildings from the 19th century and the early 20th century. The centre has become an active place for youths of all ages with summer theme parks and a new association football stadium, which houses the city's football club, FC Volna Pinsk.

Timeline up to WWI

In the 9th and 10th centuries, the town of Pinsk was majority Lithuanian

1097 - the first mention of Pinsk

1241 - transfer of the Orthodox diocese from Turov

1316 - after this date, Pinsk was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania

1396 - a Catholic church and a Franciscan monastery were erected

1523 - Pinsk becomes a royal city, first owned by Queen Bona

1569 - Pinsk becomes a seat of the poviat

1581 - king Stephen Báthory grants Pinsk city rights

1642-1646 - Saint Andrew Bobola stayed in the Jesuit monastery in Pinsk and nearby, conducting evangelistic activity

1648 - rebellion of the city and admission of Cossack forces under the command of Colonel Maxim Hładki. The slaughter of burghers not of the Orthodox religion. The assault of Janusz Radziwiłł's troops on the city, under the command of the hetman Hrehory Mirski of about 1200-1300 people, ended with the capture of the city. The city was burned to the ground and about 1/3 - 1/2 of the inhabitants were killed (it is estimated that on the eve of the Khmelnytsky Uprising, Pinsk had about 10,000 inhabitants)

1655 - Russians and Cossacks attacked the city and murdered many inhabitants.

1657 - in mid-May Zdanowicz's cossacks (about 2,000) destroyed the city and murdered many Roman Catholics. Jesuits, incl. Fr. Simon Maffon and Saint Andrew Bobola

1660 - Cossacks attacked Pinsk, robbed a Jesuit college and church, and murdered, among others Fr. Eustachy Piliński

1662 - return of the Jesuits to Pinsk, fire of the monastery after a year

1666 - foundation of the Dominican monastery

1690 - foundation of the Karolin settlement by Jan Karol Dolski

1695 - construction of a church and castle in Carolina by Michał Serwacy Wiśniowiecki

1706 - from May 5 to June 3. The capture of Pinsk by King of Sweden Charles XII. Blowing up the castle of Michał Serwacy Wiśniowiecki

1707 - the occupation of Pinsk by the army of General Halast and General Hołowina

1709–1710 and in 1716 - a great epidemic with thousands of victims

1717 - construction of the Bernardine monastery

1734 - construction of a Carmelite monastery

1756 - construction of the Mariavite Order [de] monastery

1767 - construction of the Ogiński Channel

1775 - construction of the Royal Canal

1793 - the Second Partition of the Commonwealth. Pinsk now belongs to Russian Empire.

1795 - establishment of the Catholic diocese of Pinsk (previously Pinsk was in the diocese of Lutsk)

1799 - the incorporation of Karolina into Pinsk

1796 - the liquidation of the Uniate diocese of Pinsk

1799 - liquidation of the Pinsk Catholic diocese (it was moved to Minsk)

1812 - in July, Pinsk was taken by Napoleon's army

1850 - a candle and soap factory was established

1882 - a railway line was brought from Żabinka and a match factory was opened

1885 - construction of a river shipyard in Leszcze

1907–1909 - a provincial circle of the Polish Education Association in Minsk operated in the city, which organized lectures on Polish literature and vocabulary, which, according to a report by the Russian police, "increased Polish national consciousness".

1909 - during the local elections 22 Russians, 7 Poles, 2 Jews and 1 representative of other nationalities were elected to the city council

1915 - Russian authorities abandon the city escaping from advancing German forces

WWI and Polish–Soviet War

Pinsk was occupied by the German Empire on 15 September 1915, during the First World War. After the German defeat, Pinsk became the subject of dispute between the Belarusian People's Republic and the Ukrainian People's Republic, both short-lived. Pinsk was taken by the advancing Red Army on 25 January 1919, during the Soviet westward offensive of 1918–19. It was retaken by Polish troops on 5 March 1919 during the Polish–Soviet War but was retaken by the Red Army on 23 July 1920 and finally retaken by the Polish on 26 September 1920. Pińsk became part of the reborn Poland in 1920 when the Polish-Soviet War ended with the Peace of Riga, signed in March 1921.

Like many other cities in Eastern Europe, Pinsk had a significant Jewish population before World War II. According to the Russian census of 1897, out of the total number of 28,400 inhabitants, Jews were approximately 74% of the population (21,100 persons), making it one of the most Jewish cities under tsarist rule.[5] During the Polish-Soviet War, 35 Jewish civilians from Pinsk were executed by the Polish Army in April 1919 after being accused of collaborating with Russian Bolsheviks. The incident, known as the Pinsk massacre, created a diplomatic crisis noted at the Versailles Conference.

Interwar period

Pińsk was the initial capital of the Polesie Voivodeship, but it moved to Brześć-nad-Bugiem (now Brest, Belarus) after a citywide fire on 7 September 1921. The population of the city grew rapidly in interwar Poland from 23,497 in 1921 to 33,500 in 1931. Pińsk became a bustling commercial centre, and 70% of the population was Jewish, in spite of considerable migration.

Second World War

Following the Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939, Pinsk and the surrounding area was annexed to the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic. It was the seat of the Pinsk Oblast from 1940.

After Operation Barbarossa, Germany occupied Pinsk from 4 July 1941 to 14 July 1944, as part of the Reichskommissariat Ukraine. Most Jews were killed in late October 1942 during the liquidation of the Pińsk Ghetto by the German Ordnungspolizei and the Byelorussian Auxiliary Police, 10,000 being murdered in one day. In 1945, after postwar border adjustments of Poland, Pinsk again became part of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic.

Post-WWII: USSR; Belarus state

In 1954 it became part of the Brest Voblast.

Pinsk has formed part of the Republic of Belarus since Belarusian independence from the Soviet Union in 1991.

Landmarks

Three main sights of the town are lined along the river: the Assumption Cathedral of the Monastery of the Greyfriars (1712–1730), with a campanile from 1817, the Jesuit collegium (1635–1648); a large Mannerist complex, whose cathedral was demolished after World War II by communists; and the Butrymowicz Palace (1784–1790), built for Mateusz Butrymowicz, an important political and economical figure of Pinsk and Polesie. The Church of St. Charles Borromeo (1770—1782) and St. Barbara Cathedral of the Monastery of the St. Bernard Order (1786–1787) are placed near historic centre in the former Karolin suburb, which is now part of Pinsk. The foremost modern buildings is the black-domed Orthodox Cathedral of St. Theodore.