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Adam Back (born July 1970) is a British cryptographer and cypherpunk. He is the CEO of Blockstream, which he co-founded in 2014. He invented Hashcash, which is used in the Bitcoin mining process.
Back was born in London, England, in July 1970. His first computer was a Sinclair ZX81. He taught himself Basic, and spent his time reverse engineering video games, finding decryption keys in software packages. He completed his A levels in advanced mathematics, physics and economics.
He has a computer science PhD in distributed systems from the University of Exeter. During his PhD, Back worked with compilers to make use of parallel computers in a semi automated way. He became interested in pgp encryption, electronic cash and remailers. He spent two thirds of his time working with encryption. After graduation, Adam spent his career as a consultant in start ups and larger companies in applied cryptography, writing cryptographic libraries, designing, reviewing and breaking other people's cryptographic protocols.
Co-Founder
Blockstream
Jan 2014 – present time
Applied Cryptographer
Bitcoin Consultant
Apr 2013 – present time
Owner and Consultant
Cypherspace Internet Security
Dec 1997 – present time
Chief Info Sec Officer
EMC (Decho Corporation)
June 2008 - July 2010
Security Architect & Co-Founder
PI Corporation
Dec 2003 - July 2010
Cryptographic Consultant
GuardianEdge Technologies
1992 - 2008
Security Architect
Microsoft/Passport
Dec 2002 - Nov 2003
Security Architect
Zero Knowledge Systems
Dec 1999 - Nov 2002
Research Assistant
Haldon House Research
1998 - 1999
Back is a pioneer of early digital asset research similarly as Wei Dai, David Chaum, and Hal Finney. In 1997, Back invented Hashcash. A similar system is used in bitcoin.
He also implemented credlib, a library that implements the credential systems of Stefan Brands and David Chaum.
He was the first to describe the "non-interactive forward secrecy" security property for email and to observe that any identity based encryption scheme can be used to provide non-interactive forward secrecy.
He is also known for promoting the use of ultra-compact code with his 2-line and 3-line RSA in Perl signature file and non-exportable T-shirts to protest cryptography export regulations.
Back was one of the first two people to receive an email from Satoshi Nakamoto. In 2016, the Financial Times cited Back as a potential Nakamoto candidate, along with Nick Szabo and Hal Finney. Craig Wright had sued Back for stating that Wright was not Nakamoto, with Wright subsequently dropping the suit.
Back has promoted the use of satellites and mesh networks to broadcast and receive bitcoin transactions, as a backup for the traditional internet.
Adam Back made 3 investments.
Sep 21, 2021 Portal — Venture Round - $8.5M
Aug 6, 2020 Infinite Fleet — Initial Coin Offering - $3.1M
Aug 3, 2020 Pixelmatic — Private Equity Round - $3.1M
