A surface defect detection method applied to a surface of an object is disclosed. The method includes obtaining an image of the surface, performing a deep learning algorithm by a computing device to set a plurality of bounding boxes in the image and to output a plurality of feature parameter sets associated with the plurality of bounding boxes, with each bounding box enclosing a possible defect of the surface, and performing a classifying algorithm by the computing device according to the bounding boxes and the feature parameters to determine whether the surface conforms to a specification.