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Human Genome Project

Human Genome Project

The Human Genome Project (HGP), managed by the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), completed sequencing the human genome in 2003 and made it freely available to scientists and researchers. The mission of the HGP has expanded to seek understanding of functional components of the genome and role of the genome in health and disease.

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United States
United States
Wikidata ID
Q192446

In 1990 the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and Department of Energy (DOE) joined with partners internationally with the goal of sequencing the entire human genome of 3 billion base pairs and the project was called the Human Genome Project. The NHGRI formed to manage the role of NIH in the HGP, funded research in related areas and together with the Division of Extramural Research (DER) set scientific priorities for HGP research.

Physician-geneticist Francis S. Collins was director of NHGRI from 1993 and lead the HGP to completion. He oversaw the collaboration between multidisciplinary, multi-institutional and international teams of researchers to map and sequence the human genome.

J. Craig Venter is a biochemist-geneticist who received private funding to independently map and sequence human DNA. In 1998 Venter became president and CEO of Celera Genomics which initially raced against the HGP to be first to sequence the human genome. Venter developed a sequencing strategy of tagging and partially sequencing genes, “expressed sequence tags”. Collins and Venter began to cooperate around 2000 when U.S. President Bill Clinton and British Prime Minister Tony Blair jointly declared that genome information should be free to the public.

The HGP is a useful reference that has accelerated the discovery of genes, disease-causing mutations and the development of diagnostic tests and therapeutics to treat diseases. The human genome is still not completely understood and current research aims to further understand how all the parts of the human genome, such as genes, gene regulatory elements and the structural organization of DNA and genes within the nucleus of the cell, work together in healthy or diseased states.

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Further Resources

Title
Author
Link
Type
Date

The Human Genome Project | Genetics | Biology | FuseSchool

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-hryHoTIHak

Web

February 4, 2020

The Human Genome Project pieced together only 92% of the DNA - now scientists have finally filled in the remaining 8%

Gabrielle Hartley

https://theconversation.com/the-human-genome-project-pieced-together-only-92-of-the-dna-now-scientists-have-finally-filled-in-the-remaining-8-176138

Web

March 31, 2022

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