Command, Control, Communication, Computers, Cyber, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaisance (C5ISR)

Command, control, communication, computers, cyber-defense (C5), intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR), or C5ISR, refers to integrated and networked systems that enhance decision making asdecision-making well asand situational awareness for military operators across the services. This includes for the navyU.S. Navy, armyArmy, airAir forceForce, and spaceSpace forceForce. C5ISR works to provide users with comprehensive live domain awareness, allowing individuals to respond to events in real time. Traditionally, C5ISR and related technologies, have been used by operators in centralized control rooms, which leadled to poor detection rates and worse response times. However, C5ISR has modernized to integrate artificial intelligence and cloud technologies to enable new C5ISR technologies capable of analyzing vast quantities of data to identify trends human operators may otherwise miss.

The general mission for C5ISR, its teams, and related equipment and technologies is to help users in their situational awareness and overall decision makingdecision-making. These technologies can further enable information dominance and decisive lethality in the case of a networked soldier. The networked soldier is a concept of the soldier with integrated information technology, giving them different layered views of a battlefield, orand increasing their overall situational awareness, which reliedrelies on mobile, secured networks to maintain the relay of information. This can also increase the capabilities of the soldier in the field, and increase the soldier's autonomy away from a centralized command structure.

A common example of C5ISR is a command and control post with an internet connectconnection, servers, workstations, and cybersecurity defenses, such as a LInux system hardening security software or self-encrypting storage drives, thatwhich supportssupport intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance activities of nearby ground vehicles, aircraft, and foot soldiers. This can further increase cooperation among the services.

Command and control, often referred to as C2, is a term whichthat refers to the work whichthat goes into preparing for and executing missions. Many of the processes involved in command and control revolve around the equipment and management needed to gather relevant information, make decisions, disseminate information, and execute missions. C2, as a general frameowrkframework, is the basis for other approaches, including C4ISR and C5ISR.

C4iSR includes 7seven components. These are: command, control, communications, computers, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance. C5ISR builds on those components to add cyber-defense, the fifth "CC.". Without this element, C4ISR is considered to not address the threat of cyber security risks, which a C5ISR system must protect against. This includes threats related to intelligence and information warfare, as well as sensitive data leaks and breaches. Due to this, with the growing threat of information warfare and data breaches, C5ISR is sometimes thought of as the maturation of C4ISR. Others, on tehthe other hand, consider them separate approaches to similar problems.

C5ISR systems work to enable command and control by giving warfights the equipment to achieve ultimate situational awareness. This further provides commanders and related personnel to have reliable and secure access to communications and any forms of intelligence, including various sources of data, thatwhich aids them in their decision makingdecision-making and the completion of the overall mission. According to the United States Army, the purpose of C5ISR is to enable information dominance and decisive lethality for networked soldiers. Related equipment can include radios, workstations, smartphones, night vision, and electronic sensors. But all technology needs to be reliable in deployed environments, and robust enough to withstand attack.

With increased modernization, C5ISR technologies are increasingly playing a role in combat missions and military opertationsoperations, allowing decision makersdecision-makers to make more informed decision,decisions and have more granular control over the battlefield. C5ISR has also been an area of intense interest in terms of research and development in the case of developing more modernized technologies and systems for C5ISR capable of being deployed in the field and by multiple operators. This can increase the soldier's situational awareness, the individual's ability to make decisions, and also the commander's ability to command multiple units in real-timereal time. Some foof these technoligestechnologies include cyberspace operations, electronic warfare, intelligence, data analysis, and fusion, tactical network design, wireless communications, radar sensors, electro-optics, mission command applications, autonomy and machine learning, power and energy, modeling and simulation, counter-IED, minefield detection and defeat, and assured positioning, navigation, and timing.

One such development in C5ISR is the advanced battlefield management systems (AMBS), which is a portable tactical control and command information systesystem, which can be integrated with decision-making tools, weapon platforms, systems, and advanced snsorssensors. This type of system can integrate hand-heldhandheld orand wearable information systems for individual commanders orand soldiers, or vehicle-mounted information systems for land-based operations. It also includes subsystems such as networking system database server and infrastructure-less communication, application server, computing platforms, relational database management system, with GPS embedded systems.

Another effort into modernization in C5ISR has been the development intoof integrated solutions, including ground combat vehicles whichthat can provide forces with a military vehicle capable of supporting infantry and provide a standardized information technology architecture. Part of this development includes reducing the weight and power of included electronics, to lower life-cyclelifecycle costs, and increase interoperability, while providing an information architecture whichthat supplies soldiers with the data and communication capability required on the battlefield.

Command, control, communication, computers, cyber-defense (C5), intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR), or C5ISR, refers to integrated and networked systems that enhance decision making as well as situational awareness for military operators across the services. This includes for the navy, army, air force, and space force. C5ISR works to provide users with comprehensive live domain awareness, allowing individuals to respond to events in real time. Traditionally, C5ISR and related technologies, have been used by operators in centralized control rooms which lead to poor detection rates and worse response times. However, C5ISR has modernized to integrate artificial intelligence and cloud technologies to enable new C5ISR technologies capable of analyzing vast quantities of data to identify trends human operators may otherwise miss.

The general mission for C5ISR, its teams, and related equipment and technologies is to help users in their situational awareness and overall decision making. These technologies can further enable information dominance and decisive lethality in the case of a networked soldier. The networked soldier is a concept of the soldier with integrated information technology, giving them different layered views of a battlefield, or increasing their overall situational awareness, which relied on mobile, secured networks to maintain the relay of information. This can also increase the capabilities of the soldier in the field, and increase the soldier's autonomy away from a centralized command structure.

A common example of C5ISR is a command and control post with an internet connect, servers, workstations, and cybersecurity defenses, such as a LInux system hardening security software or self-encrypting storage drives, that supports intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance activities of nearby ground vehicles, aircraft, and foot soldiers. This can further increase cooperation among the services.

Command and control, often referred to as C2, is a term which refers to the work which goes into preparing for and executing missions. Many of the processes involved in command and control revolve around the equipment and management needed to gather relevant information, make decisions, disseminate information, and execute missions. C2, as a general frameowrk, is the basis for other approaches, including C4ISR and C5ISR.

C4iSR includes 7 components. These are command, control, communications, computers, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance. C5ISR builds on those components to add cyber-defense, the fifth "C". Without this element, C4ISR is considered to not address the threat of cyber security risks, which a C5ISR system must protect against. This includes threats related to intelligence and information warfare, as well as sensitive data leaks and breaches. Due to this, with the growing threat of information warfare and data breaches, C5ISR is sometimes thought of as the maturation of C4ISR. Others, on teh other hand, consider them separate approaches to similar problems.

C5ISR systems work to enable command and control by giving warfights the equipment to achieve ultimate situational awareness. This further provides commanders and related personnel to have reliable and secure access to communications and any forms of intelligence, including various sources of data, that aids them in their decision making and the completion of the overall mission. According to the United States Army, the purpose of C5ISR is to enable information dominance and decisive lethality for networked soldiers. Related equipment can include radios, workstations, smartphones, night vision, and electronic sensors. But all technology needs to be reliable in deployed environments, and robust enough to withstand attack.

With increased modernization, C5ISR technologies are increasingly playing a role in combat missions and military opertations allowing decision makers to make more informed decision, and have more granular control over the battlefield. C5ISR has also been an area of intense interest in terms of research and development in the case of developing more modernized technologies and systems for C5ISR capable of being deployed in field and by multiple operators. This can increase the soldier's situational awareness, the individual's ability to make decisions, and also the commander's ability to command multiple units in real-time. Some fo these technoliges include cyberspace operations, electronic warfare, intelligence, data analysis, and fusion, tactical network design, wireless communications, radar sensors, electro-optics, mission command applications, autonomy and machine learning, power and energy, modeling and simulation, counter-IED, minefield detection and defeat, and assured positioning, navigation, and timing.

One such development in C5ISR is the advanced battlefield management systems (AMBS) which is a portable tactical control and command information syste which can be integrated with decision-making tools, weapon platforms, systems, and advanced snsors. This type of system can integrate hand-held or wearable information systems for individual commanders or soldiers, or vehicle-mounted information systems for land-based operations. It also includes subsystems such as networking system database server and infrastructure-less communication, application server, computing platforms, relational database management system, with GPS embedded systems.

Another effort into modernization in C5ISR has been the development into integrated solutions, including ground combat vehicles which can provide forces with a military vehicle capable of supporting infantry and provide a standardized information technology architecture. Part of this development includes reducing the weight and power of included electronics, to lower life-cycle costs, and increase interoperability, while providing an information architecture which supplies soldiers with the data and communication capability required on the battlefield.