US Patent 9582673 Separation of duties checks from entitlement sets

A data model in which a set provides an abstraction that isolates the computation of membership from the details of how an enforcement point determines access (e.g., based on claims, based on security group membership etc). Set operations (e.g., intersection, union, inverse) can then be used across the sets. The architecture utilizes workflow on set transitions such that when an object such as a user enters the scope of one of these sets, notification can occur, such that inadvertent changes which lead to separation-of-duties violations can be detected quickly. The sets can also be used to define entitlements for enforcement of claims-based access control in a cross-organization deployment (e.g., to a cloud-hosted application).