Provided are aqueous coating liquids that contain ultrafine inorganic compound particles with good dispersibility, and gas barrier laminates of excellent transparency and gas barrier properties that have a layer formed from the coating liquid. The coating liquid includes ultrafine inorganic compound particles, a polyester resin, a sodium polycarboxylate and water. The gas barrier laminate includes a substrate and a gas barrier layer formed on the substrate, wherein the gas barrier layer has a layer (A) formed from the coating liquid and a layer (B) containing a polycarboxylic acid polymer.