US Patent 7391641 Multi-layered magnetic memory structures

An exemplary memory array including a plurality of memory cells, each of the memory cells comprises a first ferromagnetic layer, a second ferromagnetic layer spaced apart from the first ferromagnetic layer by a non-magnetic separating layer and being magnetically coupled to the first ferromagnetic layer by demagnetizing fields from the first ferromagnetic layer, a spacer layer above the second ferromagnetic layer, and a reference layer above the spacer layer. The first ferromagnetic layer, non-magnetic separating layer, and second ferromagnetic layer in combination function as a data layer of the memory cell.