A vehicle door opening and closing device includes a guide rail fixed to a vehicle body, a supporting member connected to the vehicle door, a first driven pulley, a second driven pulley, an idle pulley, a cable take-up pulley that is arranged between the idle pulley and the second driven pulley, a cable wound around the cable take-up pulley and made contact with the idle pulley, the first driven pulley, and the second driven pulley, and a pulley cover for guiding a first portion of the cable connected to the supporting member to be made contact with the idle pulley in such a manner that a vertical position of the first portion of the cable is different from that of a second portion of the cable in contact with the idle pulley.