US Patent 7271744 Imprint-free coding for ferroelectric nonvolatile counters

An encoder utilizes a coding method for use with ferroelectric or other nonvolatile counters which are subject to imprint ensures that all of the bits in the code are frequently switched and not left in a fixed data state. The general coding equation for this method is such that: for an even integer n, it is represented by the conventional binary code of n/2; for an odd integer n, it is represented by the conventional binary code of the one's compliment of (n−1)/2. With this method, every bit switches to its compliment when counting from an even number to an odd number so that imprint is substantially reduced.