A compact device for supporting respiration is provided making possible a mobile, autonomous, pressure-supported respiration of patients near the lungs with very small dead spaces and flow resistances. The device is especially useful for medical applications. The device includes a rotary compressor (3) with an electric drive motor provided with a filter (7) arranged directly upstream in the direction of flow. The compressor (3) is arranged directly upstream of a breathing mask (2) or a breathing tube. A control unit (6) is provided for setting respiration pressure on a basis of speed of rotation. The control unit (6) is connected to the drive motor of the compressor (3).