A dog toothbrush assembly has two plastic end caps with blind cavities that face one another and receive an elongated generally cylindrical chew element which is attractive to dogs such as an edible treat or other chewable material. The end caps are connected by screw fasteners to the support member of a brush, and an array of tufts of bristles project upwardly from the support member to engage the elongated chew element. The chew element is supported with respect to the bristles such that when a dog chews on the chew element the dog's teeth also encounter and are brushed by the bristles. When the chew element is worn or consumed, an end cap is removed by releasing one of the screw fasteners, thereby giving access for insertion of a replacement chew element.