US Patent 11969821 Surface texturing using energy pulses

A system includes an energy source, a focusing system, and a controller. The energy source is configured to output energy pulses to the focusing system. A chamber surrounds at least a portion of a metallic substrate and contain a liquid in contact with a surface of the metallic substrate. The controller is configured to cause the energy source to output energy pulses and cause the focusing system to focus a focal volume of the energy pulses at or near the surface of the metallic substrate that is in contact with the liquid to create micro-scale or smaller surface texturing on the metallic substrate.