A fire extinguishing apparatus for a vehicle is provided, which is capable of quickly and easily extinguishing, at an initial time, a fire that occurs in an engine compartment of a vehicle by injecting a fire extinguishing fluid into the engine compartment from the outside of the engine compartment when the fire occurs in the engine compartment of the vehicle. The fire extinguishing apparatus for a vehicle according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes: a cowl assembly provided at a boundary between the outside and an engine compartment that defines an internal space of a vehicle, and configured to divide the outside from the engine compartment; and a fire extinguishing pipe coupled to the cowl assembly to allow the engine compartment to communicate with the outside, in which an inlet portion of the fire extinguishing pipe, of which at least one end is exposed to the outside, is connected to a fire extinguisher having therein a fire extinguishing material, and an outlet portion of the fire extinguishing pipe, which is partially exposed into the engine compartment, guides the fire extinguishing material discharged from the fire extinguisher so that the fire extinguishing material is injected into the engine compartment.