A pallet transport device includes a plurality of pallet rails; a pallet feeding unit configured to transport the pallet along the pallet rails; a pallet moving unit configured to horizontally rotate so as to move the pallet; one or more short rails disposed at a periphery of the pallet moving unit; a pallet feeding assist unit configured to move the pallet from the pallet rails to the short rails, or move the pallet from the short rails to the pallet rails; and an elevator unit configured to cause the pallet feeding assist unit to descend and ascend. The horizontal rotation of the pallet moving unit is permitted by the descent of the pallet feeding assist unit.