Soup (from French soupe ) is a dish that contains at least 50% liquid . Soup is an important component of human food, serving as a source of energy and material for building organs and tissues of the body. Soups contain many dissolved proteins, fats, carbohydrates and extractives that are easily digested and well absorbed by the body .
History
The forerunners of modern soups were the primitive stews of barley , fish sauce and wine that were prepared by the ancient Romans . The heyday of soup as a dish began a century before our era in the East , and in Europe soup gained importance only in the 15th-16th centuries, along with the spread of the technology of refractory poured kitchen utensils. Hot thick and hearty stews with bread or savory pastries have established themselves as the main winter dish, primarily in the gastronomic culture of European countries with a cold climate. The status of hot liquid meals has been changed by French haute cuisinewhen light soups, designed to stimulate the appetite before the main hot dish, became fashionable in rich houses as a first course: clear broths , consommé , velouté and cream soups
In Russia, European soups were replaced by stews, which were cooked in pots in the oven, in the Petrine era , with the advent of foreigners from Europe, who brought pots , "Saracenic millet" rice and later potatoes. European soups were thinner than stew, about which V. I. Dal preserved the proverb “The soup has thin legs” and the nickname of foreigners “soup legs” . Borrowed from Europe, the word "soup" is fixed in the Russian language from the same time at the beginning of the 18th century and was finally established by the end of the century. It is of Germanic origin and meant either "a piece of bread in gravy" or "spice it up" [1]. As follows from the notes of B. I. Kurakin , the original word sounded like “suppe” and “suppa” and was feminine, as in German ( German Suppe ). The poet A.P. Sumarokov opposed the use of the foreign word "soup" instead of the native "stew" . Now the word "stew" is practically out of use
