Other attributes
General view of the monastery
The monastery was founded in 1398 by a monk Sava, the Monk's disciple St. Sergius of Radonezh, at the request and with the support of the Prince of Zvenigorod Yuri Dmitrievich. First, a wooden church was built in the name of Nativity of the Most Holy Theotokos. It was located on the highountain Storozhe, in the view of The Moskva River was the main transport route to the west from Moscow at that time, at the mouth of the Rozvadni River, later called The gatehouse. For solitude, Sava fossilized a cave where he spent time in prayer. At first, the area of the monastery was small, but over time the number of monks grew, and the territory of the monastery increased significantly[1]. From the very foundation of the Savvino-Storozhevsky Monastery, Prince Yuri Dmitrievich took care of it, trying to turn it into his court monastery. Already in the first years of its existence at the beginning of the XV century (1402), the monastery received from the Zvenigorod prince extensive possessions in the immediate vicinity of the city: the villages of Belgino, Dubatsyno and Ust-Rozvadnya with villages stretching to them, as well as hugebortnye lesi in the south of the City Camp (the village of Ust-Rozvadnya on the other bank of the Rozvadnya River later became Podmonastyrsky and became known a Savvinskaya Sloboda).
Bell of Alexey Mikhailovich
In the XV—XVII centuries Savvino-Storozhevsky Monastery played the role of an outpost Moscow Principality in the west. The monastery was a favorite place of prayer for many Russian tsars. Here, in particular, cameIvan IV the Terrible and his wife Anastasia Romanovna, as well as their son Fyodor Ioannovich. Under the tsar Alexey Mikhailovich monastery became a suburban royal residence. The palace of the empress and the royal chambers were built here. At the same time, the monastery was surrounded by stone walls. The monastery's temples were painted by icon painters The Armory of the Moscow Kremlin. Archimandrite Nicanor (1654-1658) later became archimandrite Solovetsky Monastery, where he headed Solovetsky uprising in defense of the Old Faith.
The Zvenigorod Highway, also known as the Savvino-Storozhevsky Monastery, was built from Moscow to the Savvino-Storozhevsky Monastery.The Royal Way orThe road of the God-chosen Kings, along which all Russian rulers-grand dukes, tsars and emperors-made obligatory pilgrimages to the monastery to the relics of Sava Storozhevsky more than once. In the first half of the 20th century, this road was called Zvenigorodskoe Highway, but now it is eer known as Rublevo-Uspenskoe Highway[2].
During the Great Patriotic War of 1812, the Moscow vicar bishop left the Savvino-Storozhevsky Monastery for prayers to the Moscow militia Augustine (Vinogradsky). Russian shrines were taken out of the monastery — Vladimir andIveron Icon of the Mother of God-for a nationwide prayer for the protection of the Russian land. On September 12, 1812, the battle of Zvenigorod took place near the monastery walls. The monastery, which was occupied by the French after that, was not looted: according to legend, St. Sava came to the French commander Eugene Beauharnais and ordered not to touch the monastery.
In 1917, the future Hieromartyr Demetrius (Dobroserdov)was appointed rector of the monastery. In May 1918 someone arrived here with a food commissioner's mandate Konstantin Makarov. His detachment requisitioned bread from the Savvino-Storozhevsky Monastery, and at the same time tried to open the shrine with the relics of St. Savva Storozhevsky, which caused the Zvenigorod mutiny. Members of the mutiny killed Makarov and two other Communists, but an armed detachment from the Soviet Union soon approached. Dedovska suppressed the uprising… In mid-1919, the monastery was closed. In 1941 during the evacuation, a unique 35-ton large truck was broken The Blagovestny bell (depicted on the coat of arms of Zvenigorod), the ringing of which, according to eyewitnesses, reached Moscow (at the beginning of the XXI century, another equally massive bell was installed to replace this bell). In 1986, the wooden tent top of one of the monastery towers burned down.
February 9, 1995 between the Administration of the Moscow Region and The Moscow Patriarchate signed an agreement on the joint use of parts of the monastery's buildings by the Zvenigorod Historical, Architectural and Art Museum and the revived monastery, and the monastery itself received the status of a stavropegic one.
By that time, the monastery was in a deplorable state and needed urgent reconstruction. According to the Archimandrite's memoirsSavva (Fateev) However, work on its restoration was slow. "The services were conducted according to the museum schedule. If everywhere the all-night vigil began somewhere at 5 o'clock in the evening, then in our case — at 2. Because at 5 the museum was already closed. There were no monks. There was one employee — not even an employee, but just a security guard. The situation was deplorable, it did not suit either the church authorities or the then vicar of Father Jerome " [6].
In August 1998, the Savvino-Storozhevsky Monastery celebrated its 600th anniversary. His Holiness Patriarch Alexy II after the liturgy in Moscow The relics of St. Sava, the founder of the monastery, were solemnly transferred to Zvenigorod at St. Daniel's Monastery. In 2007, a monument to St. Sava was unveiled. Now there are 30 monks in the monastery. The 17th-century iconostasis was restored, and the frescoes were restored.
In the monastery, they prepare the legendary kvass, insisting on raisins (which gives an additional "wine" fermentation). At the monastery (in a special building outside the main territory) it is planned to open Museum of Church Wine[7].
The cathedral Nativity of the Virgin, early 15th century
Nativity of the Virgin Cathedral (the traditional date of construction-1405-is disputed), later the Savvinsky (southern) chapel, a two-sided porch and a sacristy were added to the cathedral, the kokoshniki were recreated by Soviet restorers;
The gate church of the Life-Giving Trinity was built by I. M. Sharutin in 1650;
the reverend's church St. Sergius of Radonezh in the bell tower;
church of the saint Alexy, the man of God;
Refectory Church, Church in the name of Transfiguration of the Lord (built in 1695 by order of Tsarevna Sophia).
Refectory (1652-1654; found during excavations of the old refectory and the Holy Gate were built in the XVI century) - a four-story structure, an outstanding achievement of Russian architecture of the XVII century, one of the largest area of stone buildings of its time, which was descrith admiration Paul of Aleppo[8] [9]. In the white-stone basement, deepened by 6 m into the ground, there was a glacier and a well with a depth of 15 m. On the second floor there was a kitchen, around which there were cells for servants. On the third floor, the dining room proper was located, blocked offcross vaults, with an area of about 500 m2 (for comparison-the area of Faceted Chamber Moscow Kremlin — 495 m2). The refectory was lit by a "circle" of windows, and with glass, and not with mica. The ward was heated by pipes of kitchen stoves running through the walls. The monastery treasury was kept on the top floor. The front facade of the refectory had architectural decorations, in particular, the cornice, which was a novelty for the XVII century. After the ceilings of the fourth floor collapsed, the building was heavily rebuilt in 1806. In the XX century, a scientific restoration of the monument was carried out[10].
Tsaritsyn Chambers (1652-1654). The palace was built for the queen Maria Miloslavskaya — the first wife of Tsar Alexey Mikhailovich. This one-story building with a basement until 1828 had a second wooden floor. The building is divided into front and utility halves. The front half consists of three parts with separate entrances: the central part-for the queen, the side-for the retinue. In the economic half, a suite of rooms runs through the entire building.
The palace of Tsar Alexey Mikhailovich was built in three stages. In 1652-1654, the northern part of the palace was built. In 1674-1676, the palace was a one-story structure on a basement of seven cages with separate entrances about 100 m long. The front central part was occupied by the king's chambers, in the northern part there were kitchen rooms, the rest of the cages were intended for the royal family and retinue. The four cages had a wooden second floor, which was reached by narrow internal stairs. In 1686-1687, during the reign of Tsarevna Sophia, the roof and plank towers were dismantled and the second floor was built witha suite of rooms along the entire length of the building. Instead of internal staircases, external stone porches were built to the second floor. The palace was badly damaged in a fire in 1742.
Fraternal buildings (mid-17th century), a place where monks lived, were repeatedly completed and rebuilt.
The residential building of theological schools was built according to the project of Dmitry Borisov (1820s) on the site of the Treasury building.
The belfry has a four-tiered structure, which is crowned by four stone tents with cupolas.
On the territory of the monastery there is a fragment of the altar part of the Church of St. John of the Ladder, over which a chapel was built.
The monastery does not have a main entrance. There is only the main entrance through the Holy Gate of the Red Tower. Directly behind the main entrance, the staircase leading to the basement of the Trinity Gate Church begins, and in the basement there is a staircase leading to the main courtyard of the monastery — a reception that has no repetitions in Russian architecture[source not specified 795 days]. Thus, it is impossible to enter the monastery through the main gate. When climbing the stairs from the basement of the gate church to the main square, at first only the upper part of the Cathedral of the Nativity of the Most Holy Theotokos is visible, and upon further ascent, it seems that the cathedral grows out of the ground (growing).
To the left of the main entrance are the Tsaritsyn Chambers. The chambers are built at the main entrance, so that the queen and her entourage can enter the chambers immediately without passing through the territory of the monastery. The Tsaritsyn chambers are connected by a corridor to the Trinity Gate Church, where the Tsaritsa and her entourage could go to pray without leaving the building on the territory of the monastery. In the Cathedral of the Nativity of the Most Holy Theotokos, the brothers of the monastery and the tsar and his retinue prayed.
Currently, the Northern Entrance Gate is used to enter and enter the monastery. Outside the monastery walls is the well of St. Sava Storozhevsky and the monastery's fish farm, as well as the monastery hotel building and three other buildings — former monastery hotels.
A kilometer away from the monastery is the monastery and the church of St. Sava Storozhevsky with a cave, the building of fraternal cells with the house church of St. Nicholas of Myra and the bathhouse.
The fortress was built by the tsar's decree under the leadership of N. M. Boborykin and A. Shakhov.
Before the revolution The Red Tower looked different
Fragment of the design of the Food Tower
In the monastery by I. M. Sharutin, who also built the walls Trinity Kalyazinsky Monastery, in 1650-1654, seven towers were built, and six have survived to this day.
Red (over the Holy Gate)
Zhitnaya Street
Vodovzvodnaya street
Usovaya Street
Hospital card (not saved)
1950s: Restoration of the refectory and Trinity Church by V. I. Fedorov and M. D. Tsiperovich
1955-1958: Excavations by N. S. Shelyapina
1969-1975: Cleaning of frescoes by D. E. Bryagin
1970s-1980s: Restoration of towers by L. K. Rossov, O. V. Skorokhod, L. E. Tapfer
1972: Restoration of the Rozhdestvensky Cathedral by L. K. Rossov
1973: Restoration of the Savvinsky chapel by V. M. Pustovalov
The monastery and its surroundings have always been very picturesque and attracted many artists.
In the monastery and its surroundings Alexander Alov and Vladimir Naumov shot several episodes of the movie "Running": at the beginning — refugees in a monastery, at the end-winter forest.
Near the monastery Andrey Tarkovsky shot an episode of the movie "Solaris " — the pond house at the beginning of the film.
