A cryptographic nonce is an abbreviation for a 'number used once', and is used in cryptography to increase communication security against hackers attempting replay attacks and/or dictionary attacks. A nonce is an arbitrary number that is intended for one time use, and can sometimes combined with a timestamp which ensures that the nonce's identity is associated with a single time value. Cryptographic nonce's do not need to be random numbers, but the creation of pseudorandom nonce's are known to increase security. Nonce's are often used in two-factor authentication systems and cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin.
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