Project MKUltra
Project MKUltra is the code name given to a program of experiments on human subjects that were designed and undertaken by the United States Central Intelligence Agency.
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Ted Kaczynski, a domestic terrorist known as the Unabomber, was a subject of a voluntary psychological study alleged by some sources to have been a part of MKUltra.[92][93][94] As a sophomore at Harvard, Kaczynski participated in a study described by author Alton Chase as a "purposely brutalizing psychological experiment", led by Harvard psychologist Henry MurrayHenry Murray.[95][irrelevant citation] [96][irrelevant citation] In total, Kaczynski spent 200 hours as part of the study.[97]
Naomi Klein argues in her book The Shock Doctrine Cameron's research and his contribution to the MKUltra project was not about mind control and brainwashing, but about designing "a scientifically based system for extracting information from 'resistant sources.' In other words, torture."[64] Alfred W. McCoyAlfred W. McCoy writes "Stripped of its bizarre excesses, Dr. Cameron's experiments, building upon Donald O. Hebb's earlier breakthrough, laid the scientific foundation for the CIA's two-stage psychological torture method," which refers to first creating a state of disorientation in the subject, and then second creating a situation of "self-inflicted" discomfort in which the disoriented subject can alleviate their pain by capitulating.[65]
The project was headed by Sidney Gottlieb but began on the order of CIA director Allen Welsh Dulles on April 13, 1953.[21] Its aim was to develop mind-controlling drugs for use against the Soviet bloc in response to alleged Soviet, Chinese, and North Korean use of mind control techniques on U.S. prisoners of war during the Korean War.[22] The CIA wanted to use similar methods on their own captives, and was interested in manipulating foreign leaders with such techniques,[23] devising several schemes to drug Fidel CastroFidel Castro. It often conducted experiments without the subjects' knowledge or consent.[24] In some cases, academic researchers were funded through grants from CIA front organizations but were unaware that the CIA was using their work for these purposes.[25]
Lawrence Teeter was the attorney for Sirhan Sirhan who assassinated Robert F. KennedyRobert F. Kennedy, and he believed that Sirhan was "operating under MK-ULTRA mind control techniques".[98]
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