Linera

Linera aims to be the first web3 infrastructure that guarantees low latency and low fees at any scale. With linear scaling, the capacity of the system can always be adjusted to meet the demand in user transactions. In Linera, user accounts run in separate shards internally to each validator. This makes it easy for each validator to further divide shards whenever needed to augment capacity.

Linera developing a new programming model based on microchains. A microchain is a chain of blocks dedicated to managing the operations on a particular user account. This is the main mechanism that allows user accounts to run concurrently and scale by default. When a microchain is owned by a single user, new blocks can be submitted directly without requiring complex interactions between validators, which lowers latency.

Auditing high-throughput systems using commodity hardware has historically been challenging because a single auditor can’t run all transactions. Our goal is to ensure decentralization of the Linera protocol using state-of-the-art proof-of-stake mechanisms together with scalable auditing procedures to ensure full accountability of validators.