Chess

Overview

Chess is a strategical borad game for two players. The chessboard consists of 64 squares, and the pieces are divided into black and white (32 pieces for each composition and color, each side). There are six types of chess pieces, which are: King, Queen, Rook, Bishop, Knight, and Pawn. Each player starts with 16 piecses, which are distinguished by color White (lighter) and Black (darker).

Overview

Chess is a strategical borad game for two players. The chessboard consists of 64 squares, and the pieces are divided into black and white (32 pieces for each composition and color, each side). There are six types of chess pieces, which are: King, Queen, Rook, Bishop, Knight, and Pawn. Each player starts with 16 piecses, which are distinguished by color White (lighter) and Black (darker).

Chess is a board game for two opponents, depicting the battle of two armies. Millions of people play chess for both entertainment and serious competition.

Chess is a turn-based strategy with open information, where the influence of luck on the outcome of the fight is minimized.

Rules

Chess is a complex game with many rules. Let's talk about them in more detail.

Inventory

To play chess, you need a set of chess pieces and a chess board. Also, the opponents will need a chess clock if they want to play against the clock, and perhaps sheets to record moves.

The set of figures includes two armies of eight pawns, two knights, two bishops, two rooks, one queen and one king each. In order for chess players to be able to distinguish their pieces from those of the opponent, they must be painted in contrasting colors. Historically, expensive sets of pieces were made of ivory and ebony, which is why opponents are called "black" and "white".

Chessboard - a square of 64 fields, eight columns and eight rows. Columns are called verticals and rows are called horizontals. The fields of the board are painted in alternating black and white.

The chess clock shows how much time each opponent has until the end of the game. They can also add time after each move (in time control with addition).

Chess Pieces

There are six types of pieces used in chess: pawns, knights, bishops, rooks, queen and king. Each of these figures walks in its own way and has its own value.

When determining the value of pieces, pawns are taken as one. The knight and bishop are about equal in value to three pawns, although many masters consider the bishop to be slightly more valuable than the knight. Knights and bishops are considered minor pieces.

Rooks are equal in value to five pawns, and a queen is equal to nine. Rooks and queen are heavy pieces. The king is the most valuable piece in chess. His loss means that the g

ame is lost.

Note that the value of the remaining pieces does not always determine the outcome of the game. A chess player who owns a material advantage - more valuable pieces remaining on the board - can get a checkmate and lose the game.

Initial arrangement

All chess games start from the same opening position. The board must be rotated so that there is a white field in the lower right corner.

As already mentioned, at the beginning of the game, each of the opponents has eight pawns, two knights, two bishops, two rooks, one queen and one king. White pawns occupy the second rank, and black - the seventh.

At the corners of the board are rooks, then - horses and bishops. Finally, the queen and king are in the center, and the color of the field occupied by the queen must match the color of this piece (the white queen is located on a white field, and the black one on a black one).

Moves and captures of pieces

Each figure moves in its own way.

Pawn

A pawn can move forward one square or two squares if it is on the starting square. Pawns cannot move backward.

The pawn captures the opponent's pieces by moving one square forward diagonally. The pawn is the only piece that captures and moves differently, and can also capture en passant and transform into other pieces.

Chess knight

The knight moves two squares horizontally and one vertically, or two squares vertically and one horizontally. The knight's move looks like a big letter "G".

The knight can take an opponent's piece, occupying the field where it is located. The knight is the only piece capable of jumping over others.

Bishop

Bishop chess archer, can move any number of squares diagonally. It is easy to see that each bishop can move on squares of the same color, either only on white or only on black. On the field of what color in the initial position the bishop ended up, he will walk along the fields of the same color to the end. Therefore, elephants are called white-field and black-field, respectively.

Rook

The rook is a straightforward and powerful piece, the long-range artillery of chess, it can move any number of squares horizontally or vertically.

Queen

The queen is the strongest piece, combining the capabilities of the rook and the bishop. Can move any number of free spaces in any direction in a straight line, horizontally, vertically, and diagonally.

King

The most important and valuable figure. The goal of a chess battle is to capture the opponent's king, to declare checkmate to him.

The king, like the queen, can move horizontally, vertically, diagonally in any direction, but only one field.

However, once per game, the king has the right to make a more frisky move, castling. If all the pieces standing between the king and the rook have left, and the king and the rook themselves have not yet made moves.

Checkmate

If the king is attacked by an opponent's piece, they say that he is in check. A chess player whose king is in check must protect himself from an attack with his piece, retreat with his king from the battle, or capture a piece that attacked the king. If it is impossible to defend against the check, the king is mated and the game ends.

To checkmate the opponent is the main goal of a chess game. Let's train to checkmate by reviewing the lessons from this interactive course.

Special rules

In chess, there are special rules that apply in certain positions.

Castling

Castling allows you to cover the king on the flank and develop the rook in one move. In castling, the king moves two squares to the right or left, and the rook jumps over the king, occupying the square next to it.

Castling is possible only if the following conditions are met:

Neither the king nor the rook has yet moved.

There are no other pieces between the king and the rook that are castling.

The king is not in check.

The opponent does not hold the square that the king will pass, or on which he will be under attack (but the rook can castle from under the battle).

Pawn promotion

A pawn is promoted to any light or heavy piece when it is on the farthest rank of the board from its original position - eighth for white and first for black.

A pawn can be promoted to any piece except the king. It doesn't matter if there are such pieces on the board or not.

Taking on the pass

The en passant capture is one of the least understood rules for beginner chess players. Entry capture is possible under the following conditions:

The pawn making the capture must be on the fifth rank for White or on the fourth rank for Black.

The captured pawn must make a move two squares, being on the same rank as the pawn that makes the capture.

The capture on the aisle is performed by a return move after the pawn moves two squares. Without using the right to take on the aisle, we lose it.

When capturing on the aisle, a pawn that has made a move two squares from its initial position can be captured by an opponent's pawn located on the adjacent file and on the row just occupied by the pawn. The opponent's pawn occupies not the square occupied by the captured pawn, but the one it has passed.

Outcome of the game

A chess game can end in a victory for one of the opponents or in a draw. The chess player wins by checkmating his opponent or forcing him to spend all the time allotted for thinking over moves ("cutting down the flag"). A chess player loses if his king is mated or if he runs out of time to think.

A game can end in a draw for various reasons. Among them - the agreement of opponents, triple repetition, perpetual check, draw position, 50-move rule, or stalemate.

Time control

Amateurs most often play easy games without regard to time, but chess competitions use time limits for thinking.

Time controls are divided by duration into classic, rapid, blitz and bullet. Chess games where opponents get more than an hour to think about moves are called classic. Such controls are often played over the board.

During the existence of chess, there were 16 official world champions. For 2022, the reigning world champion is Norwegian Magnus Carlsen.

What is chess?

Rules

Rules

Inventory

Inventory

Chess Pieces

Chess Pieces

Rooks are equal in value to five pawns, and a queen is equal to nine. Rooks and queen are heavy pieces. The king is the most valuable piece in chess. His loss means that the game is lost.g

ame is lost.

Initial arrangement

Initial arrangement

Pawn

Pawn

Chess knight

Chess knight

Bishop

Bishop can walk any distance diagonally. At the beginning of the game, each chess player has two bishops. One walks on white, and the other on black fields.

Rook

The rook can move any distance horizontally or vertically. The rook and king can castle.

Bishop

Bishop chess archer, can move any number of squares diagonally. It is easy to see that each bishop can move on squares of the same color, either only on white or only on black. On the field of what color in the initial position the bishop ended up, he will walk along the fields of the same color to the end. Therefore, elephants are called white-field and black-field, respectively.

Queen

The queen is the strongest piece on the board. He can move diagonally, vertically or horizontally to any number of squares.

Rook

The rook is a straightforward and powerful piece, the long-range artillery of chess, it can move any number of squares horizontally or vertically.

King

The king can move one square in any direction. Together with the rook, he can perform a special move, castling.

Checkmate

Queen

The queen is the strongest piece, combining the capabilities of the rook and the bishop. Can move any number of free spaces in any direction in a straight line, horizontally, vertically, and diagonally.

King

The most important and valuable figure. The goal of a chess battle is to capture the opponent's king, to declare checkmate to him.

The king, like the queen, can move horizontally, vertically, diagonally in any direction, but only one field.

However, once per game, the king has the right to make a more frisky move, castling. If all the pieces standing between the king and the rook have left, and the king and the rook themselves have not yet made moves.

Checkmate

What is chess?

Chess is a board game for two opponents, depicting the battle of two armies. Millions of people play chess for both entertainment and serious competition.

Chess is a turn-based strategy with open information, where the influence of luck on the outcome of the fight is minimized.

Rules

Chess is a complex game with many rules. Let's talk about them in more detail.

Inventory

To play chess, you need a set of chess pieces and a chess board. Also, the opponents will need a chess clock if they want to play against the clock, and perhaps sheets to record moves.

The set of figures includes two armies of eight pawns, two knights, two bishops, two rooks, one queen and one king each. In order for chess players to be able to distinguish their pieces from those of the opponent, they must be painted in contrasting colors. Historically, expensive sets of pieces were made of ivory and ebony, which is why opponents are called "black" and "white".

Chessboard - a square of 64 fields, eight columns and eight rows. Columns are called verticals and rows are called horizontals. The fields of the board are painted in alternating black and white.

The chess clock shows how much time each opponent has until the end of the game. They can also add time after each move (in time control with addition).

Chess Pieces

There are six types of pieces used in chess: pawns, knights, bishops, rooks, queen and king. Each of these figures walks in its own way and has its own value.

When determining the value of pieces, pawns are taken as one. The knight and bishop are about equal in value to three pawns, although many masters consider the bishop to be slightly more valuable than the knight. Knights and bishops are considered minor pieces.

Rooks are equal in value to five pawns, and a queen is equal to nine. Rooks and queen are heavy pieces. The king is the most valuable piece in chess. His loss means that the game is lost.

Note that the value of the remaining pieces does not always determine the outcome of the game. A chess player who owns a material advantage - more valuable pieces remaining on the board - can get a checkmate and lose the game.

Initial arrangement

All chess games start from the same opening position. The board must be rotated so that there is a white field in the lower right corner.

As already mentioned, at the beginning of the game, each of the opponents has eight pawns, two knights, two bishops, two rooks, one queen and one king. White pawns occupy the second rank, and black - the seventh.

At the corners of the board are rooks, then - horses and bishops. Finally, the queen and king are in the center, and the color of the field occupied by the queen must match the color of this piece (the white queen is located on a white field, and the black one on a black one).

Moves and captures of pieces

Each figure moves in its own way.

Pawn

A pawn can move forward one square or two squares if it is on the starting square. Pawns cannot move backward.

The pawn captures the opponent's pieces by moving one square forward diagonally. The pawn is the only piece that captures and moves differently, and can also capture en passant and transform into other pieces.

Chess knight

The knight moves two squares horizontally and one vertically, or two squares vertically and one horizontally. The knight's move looks like a big letter "G".

The knight can take an opponent's piece, occupying the field where it is located. The knight is the only piece capable of jumping over others.

Bishop

Bishop can walk any distance diagonally. At the beginning of the game, each chess player has two bishops. One walks on white, and the other on black fields.

Rook

The rook can move any distance horizontally or vertically. The rook and king can castle.

Queen

The queen is the strongest piece on the board. He can move diagonally, vertically or horizontally to any number of squares.

King

The king can move one square in any direction. Together with the rook, he can perform a special move, castling.

Checkmate

If the king is attacked by an opponent's piece, they say that he is in check. A chess player whose king is in check must protect himself from an attack with his piece, retreat with his king from the battle, or capture a piece that attacked the king. If it is impossible to defend against the check, the king is mated and the game ends.

To checkmate the opponent is the main goal of a chess game. Let's train to checkmate by reviewing the lessons from this interactive course.

Special rules

In chess, there are special rules that apply in certain positions.

Castling

Castling allows you to cover the king on the flank and develop the rook in one move. In castling, the king moves two squares to the right or left, and the rook jumps over the king, occupying the square next to it.

Castling is possible only if the following conditions are met:

Neither the king nor the rook has yet moved.

There are no other pieces between the king and the rook that are castling.

The king is not in check.

The opponent does not hold the square that the king will pass, or on which he will be under attack (but the rook can castle from under the battle).

Pawn promotion

A pawn is promoted to any light or heavy piece when it is on the farthest rank of the board from its original position - eighth for white and first for black.

A pawn can be promoted to any piece except the king. It doesn't matter if there are such pieces on the board or not.

Taking on the pass

The en passant capture is one of the least understood rules for beginner chess players. Entry capture is possible under the following conditions:

The pawn making the capture must be on the fifth rank for White or on the fourth rank for Black.

The captured pawn must make a move two squares, being on the same rank as the pawn that makes the capture.

The capture on the aisle is performed by a return move after the pawn moves two squares. Without using the right to take on the aisle, we lose it.

When capturing on the aisle, a pawn that has made a move two squares from its initial position can be captured by an opponent's pawn located on the adjacent file and on the row just occupied by the pawn. The opponent's pawn occupies not the square occupied by the captured pawn, but the one it has passed.

Outcome of the game

A chess game can end in a victory for one of the opponents or in a draw. The chess player wins by checkmating his opponent or forcing him to spend all the time allotted for thinking over moves ("cutting down the flag"). A chess player loses if his king is mated or if he runs out of time to think.

A game can end in a draw for various reasons. Among them - the agreement of opponents, triple repetition, perpetual check, draw position, 50-move rule, or stalemate.

Time control

Amateurs most often play easy games without regard to time, but chess competitions use time limits for thinking.

Time controls are divided by duration into classic, rapid, blitz and bullet. Chess games where opponents get more than an hour to think about moves are called classic. Such controls are often played over the board.

During the existence of chess, there were 16 official world champions. For 2022, the reigning world champion is Norwegian Magnus Carlsen.