Tom Osman

Resources: temtum’s Consensus Algorithm, constructed around leader nodes and the innovative Node Participation Document, removes the need for mining and wasteful, inefficient and restrictive Consensus mechanisms such as proof-of-work. temtum uses substantially less energy and has less environmental impact compared to POW networks. We estimate that the Bitcoin network is 16,573,693 times more expensive than the temtum network based on energy costs alone, assuming both networks are operating at the same size. The Bitcoin network is currently limited to a maximum transaction throughput of seven transactions per second. The average fee for a Bitcoin transaction from 2017-2018 was $57.35 – and the total cost of a Bitcoin transaction in the same time period, including miner and energy fees, was $104.701 .

Proof-of-work is effective at a certain scale, but it is also extremely resource and energy-intensive, and has failed to adapt to growth, as convincingly argued in a 2019 working paper by the Bank for International Settlements (BIS). 2 This paper states that proof-of-work can only achieve payment security if mining income is high, but if that is the case, the transaction market cannot generate an adequate level of income. As a result, liquidity is set to deteriorate substantially in years to come. This is just one of the reasons why for blockchain cryptocurrencies to be truly effective, there needs to be a step-change in their evolution. And that is precisely what we believe temtum delivers.

We have used laboratory tests followed by a live deployment over globally distributed servers to confirm a throughput of up to 120,000 transactions per second (a multiple of the peak capacity of 56,000 TPS on the VISA system).

The History of the Netherlands is the history of seafaring people thriving on a lowland river delta on the North Sea in northwestern Europe. Records begin with the four centuries during which the region formed a militarised border zone of the Roman Empire. This came under increasing pressure from Germanic peoples moving westwards. As Roman power collapsed and the Middle Ages began, three dominant Germanic peoples coalesced in the area, Frisians in the north and coastal areas, Low Saxons in the northeast, and the Franks in the south. During the Middle Ages, the descendants of the Carolingian dynasty came to dominate the area and then extended their rule to a large part of Western Europe. The region of the Netherlands therefore became part of Lower Lotharingia within the Frankish Holy Roman Empire. For several centuries, lordships such as Brabant, Holland, Zeeland, Friesland, GueldersGuelders and others held a changing patchwork of territories. There was no unified equivalent of the modern Netherlands. By 1433, the Duke of Burgundy had assumed control over most of the lowlands territories in Lower Lotharingia; he created the Burgundian Netherlands which included modern Belgium, Luxembourg, and a part of France. The Catholic kings of Spain took strong measures against Protestantism, which polarised the peoples of present-day Belgium and the Netherlands. The subsequent Dutch revolt led to splitting the Burgundian Netherlands into a Catholic French and Dutch-speaking "Spanish Netherlands" (approximately corresponding to modern Belgium and Luxembourg), and a northern "United Provinces", which spoke Dutch and were predominantly Protestant with a Catholic minority. It became the modern Netherlands. In the Dutch Golden Age, which had its zenith around 1667, there was a flowering of trade, industry, the arts and the sciences. A rich worldwide Dutch empire developed and the Dutch East India Company became one of the earliest and most important of national mercantile companies based on entrepreneurship and trade. During the eighteenth century, the power, wealth and influence of the Netherlands declined. A series of wars with the more powerful British and French neighbours weakened it. The UK seized the North American colony of New Amsterdam, and renamed it "New York". There was growing unrest and conflict between the Orangists and the Patriots. The French Revolution spilled over after 1789, and a pro-French Batavian Republic was established in 1795-1806. Napoleon made it a satellite state, the Kingdom of Holland (1806-1810), and later simply a French imperial province. After the collapse of Napoleon in 1813-15, an expanded "United Kingdom of the Netherlands" was created with the House of Orange as monarchs, also ruling Belgium and Luxembourg. The King imposed unpopular Protestant reforms on Belgium, which revolted in 1830 and became independent in 1839. After an initially conservative period, following the introduction of the 1848 constitution; the country became a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch. Modern -day Luxembourg became officially independent from the Netherlands in 1839, but a personal union remained until 1890. Since 1890, it is ruled by another branch of the House of Nassau. The Netherlands was neutral during the First World War, but during the Second World War, it was invaded and occupied by Nazi Germany. The Nazis, including many collaborators, rounded up and killed almost all of the country's Jewish population. When the Dutch resistance increased, the Nazis cut off food supplies to much of the country, causing severe starvation in 1944-45. In 1942, the Dutch East Indies were conquered by Japan, but prior to this; the Dutch destroyed the oil wells for which Japan was desperate. Indonesia proclaimed its independence from the Netherlands in 1945, followed by Suriname in 1975. The post-war years saw rapid economic recovery (helped by the American Marshall Plan), followed by the introduction of a welfare state during an era of peace and prosperity. The Netherlands formed a new economic alliance with Belgium and Luxembourg, the Benelux, and all three became founding members of the European Union and NATO. In recent decades, the Dutch economy has been closely linked to that of Germany, and is highly prosperous. The four countries adopted the Euro on 1 January 2002, along with eight other EU member states.

Stereotypically, startup founders have a more casual or offbeat attitude in their dress, office space, and marketing, as compared to traditional corporations. For example, startup founders may wear hoodies, sneakers and other casual clothes to business meetings. Their offices may have recreational features, such as pool tables, ping pong tables and pinball machines, which are used to create a "fun" work environment, stimulate team development and team spirit, and encourage creativity. However, this view is changing as traditional corporations take on 'startup' like characteristics, the definition of 'startup' expands to include more exceptions than the rule. Typical examples of companies that were considered startups at some point include Facebook, Snapchat and GoogleGoogle which are now considered by some to now not be startups as they have crossed a weakly defined threshold of size.

Following Y CombinatorY Combinator, many accelerators with similar models have emerged around the world.

temtum has set out to solve all inherent problems faced by not only many existing cryptocurrencies but peer-to-peer blockchain networks as a whole both now, and in the most technologically advanced of futures, where speed, scalability, security and high resource requirements are most pertinent and continue to limit adoption. The Temporal Blockchain, developed by Dragon InfosecDragon Infosec, combined with temtum’s innovative Consensus Algorithms and AIAI powered Performance Integrity Protocol, removes network competition, drastically improves network efficiency and uses a source of light for quantum effect randomness. The result is a fast, quantum secure, environmentally friendly and highly scalable payment coin that has been developed to both integrate into existing payment infrastructures and deliver as a standalone cryptocurrency, allowing even the most under resourced individuals to benefit from immediate, fee-less transactions, no matter who or where they are in the world - TEM.

temtum was founded by Dragon InfosecDragon Infosec CTO Richard Dennis, working with his global team of cybersecurity and cryptography experts, Dr Gareth Owenson, Ginger Saltos and Cintya Aguirre. Together they set out to resolve issues inherent in peer-to-peer networks, starting with Tor and Open Bazaar, and finally Bitcoin, before developing a new technology that can be used by and integrated with mainstream payment networks for and by ordinary people. Richard took theoretical mathematics and academic research and developed it into a blockchain technology known as Temporal, owned by Dragon Infosec and perpetually licensed to temtum. Temporal has been independently tested (BSI) and deployed into a live working network, providing the foundations for a fast, secure, highly scalable and environmentally conscious payment coin – temtum.

Temporal Blockchain technology transforms the way the blockchain works by reconstructing how peer-to-peer networkspeer-to-peer networks scale. It operates with less power, energy and storage, and processes transactions on very low-resourced devices at extremely high speeds, with a high level of security. The temtum network can be scaled rapidly and at minimal cost. temtum eliminates the need for centralised pools of specialised hardware, delivering a blockchain network that’s environmentally conscious and can be run on any device connected to the web – even a smartphone. This means that the vision of a truly decentraliseddecentralised, fully scalable network that can be placed in the hands of the many rather than the few is fully achievable. Yet with previous blockchain technology – which theoretically supported a similar vision – that simply wasn’t the case. The technology innovations have supported the necessary evolution of blockchain, which in turn means that the temtum cryptocurrency represents a compelling mass-market proposition at a global level.

Blockchain is still an emerging technology. It has already started to transform a wide range of industries around the world by providing a digitizeddigitised, immutable and secure network for transacting, sharing and distributing data without a central authority. This provides a number of significant theoretical benefits when compared with existing technologies and methods, such as improved transparency, traceability and security, as well as increased efficiency and speed of transactions. Most importantly, financial transactions are no longer reliant on trust – they are cryptographically proven.

Security: BlockchainBlockchain based cryptocurrencies’ pseudorandom generation of keys is open to exploitation by sophisticated hackers, with quantum computing increasing the likelihood of predicting software generated values.

Resources: temtum’s Consensus Algorithm, constructed around leader nodes and the innovative Node Participation Document, removes the need for mining and wasteful, inefficient and restrictive Consensus mechanisms such as proof-of-work. temtum uses substantially less energy and has less environmental impact compared to POW networks. We estimate that the BitcoinBitcoin network is 16,573,693 times more expensive than the temtum network based on energy costs alone, assuming both networks are operating at the same size. The Bitcoin network is currently limited to a maximum transaction throughput of seven transactions per second. The average fee for a Bitcoin transaction from 2017-2018 was $57.35 – and the total cost of a Bitcoin transaction in the same time period, including miner and energy fees, was $104.701 .

Temporal Blockchain technology transforms the way the blockchain works by reconstructing how peer-to-peer networks scale. It operates with less power, energy and storage, and processes transactions on very low-resourced devices at extremely high speeds, with ana unparalleledhigh degreelevel of security. The temtum network can be scaled rapidly and at minimal cost. temtum eliminates the need for centralised pools of specialised hardware, delivering a blockchain network that’s environmentally conscious and can be run on any device connected to the web – even a smartphone. This means that the vision of a truly decentralised, fully scalable network that can be placed in the hands of the many rather than the few is fully achievable. Yet with previous blockchain technology – which theoretically supported a similar vision – that simply wasn’t the case. OurThe technology innovations have supported the necessary evolution of blockchain, which in turn means that the temtum cryptocurrency represents a compelling mass-market proposition at a global level.

Ginger Saltos, world-class cryptographer and temtum CTO, will lead the development team working closely with temtum founder and senior cryptography advisor Richard Dennis and CISO Dr Gareth Owenson. They are joined by CEO Dr Doug Meakin, Director David Shimmon and the best brains in cryptography and blockchain, alongside a senior team rich in banking infrastructure, commercial acumen and financial services experience. The team has global coverage, with team members based in the British Virgin Islands, the Cayman Islands, San FranciscoSan Francisco, London, Hong Kong, Frankfurt, Ecuador and Belarus.

Temporal Blockchain technology transforms the way the blockchain works by reconstructing how peer-to-peer networks scale. It operates with less power, energy and storage, and processes transactions on very low-resourced devices at extremely high speeds, with an unparalleled degree of security. The temtum network can be scaled rapidly and at minimal cost. temtum eliminates the need for centralised pools of specialised hardware, delivering a blockchain network that’s environmentally conscious and can be run on any device connected to the web – even a smartphone. This means that ourthe vision of a truly decentralised, fully scalable network that can be placed in the hands of the many rather than the few is fully achievable. Yet with previous blockchain technology – which theoretically supported a similar vision – that simply wasn’t the case. Our technology innovations have supported the necessary evolution of blockchain, which in turn means that the temtum cryptocurrency represents a compelling mass-market proposition at a global level.

Resources: temtum’s Consensus Algorithm, constructed around leader nodes and ourthe innovative Node Participation Document, removes the need for mining and wasteful, inefficient and restrictive Consensus mechanisms such as proof-of-work. temtum uses substantially less energy and has less environmental impact compared to POW networks. We estimate that the Bitcoin network is 16,573,693 times more expensive than the temtum network based on energy costs alone, assuming both networks are operating at the same size. The Bitcoin network is currently limited to a maximum transaction throughput of seven transactions per second. The average fee for a Bitcoin transaction from 2017-2018 was $57.35 – and the total cost of a Bitcoin transaction in the same time period, including miner and energy fees, was $104.701 .

Proof-of-work is effective at a certain scale, but it is also extremely resource and energy-intensive, and has failed to adapt to growth, as convincingly argued in a 2019 working paper by the BankBank for International Settlements (BIS). 2 This paper states that proof-of-work can only achieve payment security if mining income is high, but if that is the case, the transaction market cannot generate an adequate level of income. As a result, liquidity is set to deteriorate substantially in years to come. This is just one of the reasons why for blockchain cryptocurrencies to be truly effective, there needs to be a step-change in their evolution. And that is precisely what we believe temtum delivers.

Speed: Many blockchain technologiesblockchain technologies, including Bitcoin, are enormously slow. Bitcoin can take 10–15 minutes per transaction which makes it thoroughly unsuitable as a mainstream form of payment. The majority of alternative high transaction technologies are not blockchains.

Ginger Saltos, world-class cryptographer and temtum CTO, will lead the development team working closely with temtum founder and senior cryptography advisor Richard Dennis and CISO Dr Gareth Owenson. They are joined by CEO Dr Doug Meakin, Director David Shimmon and the best brains in cryptography and blockchain, alongside a senior team rich in banking infrastructure, commercial acumen and financial services experience. The team has global coverage, with team members based in the British Virgin Islands, the Cayman IslandsCayman Islands, San Francisco, London, Hong Kong, Frankfurt, Ecuador and Belarus.

temtum has set out to solve all inherent problems faced by not only many existing cryptocurrencies but peer-to-peer blockchain networks as a whole both now, and in the most technologically advanced of futures, where speed, scalability, security and high resource requirements are most pertinent and continue to limit adoption. The Temporal Blockchain, developed by Dragon Infosec, combined with temtum’s innovative Consensus Algorithms and AI powered Performance Integrity Protocol, removes network competition, drastically improves network efficiency and uses a source of light for quantum effect randomness. The result is a fast, quantum secure, environmentally friendly and highly scalable payment coin that has been developed to both integrate into existing payment infrastructures and deliver as a standalone cryptocurrency, allowing even the most under resourced individuals to benefit from immediate, fee-less transactions, no matter who or where they are in the world - TEM.

temtum was founded by Dragon Infosec CTO Richard Dennis, working with his global team of cybersecurity and cryptography experts, Dr Gareth Owenson, Ginger Saltos and Cintya Aguirre. Together they set out to resolve issues inherent in peer-to-peer networks, starting with Tor and Open Bazaar, and finally Bitcoin, before developing a new technology that can be used by and integrated with mainstream payment networks for and by ordinary people. Richard took theoretical mathematics and academic research and developed it into a blockchain technology known as Temporal, owned by Dragon Infosec and perpetually licensed to temtum. Temporal has been independently tested (BSI) and deployed into a live working network, providing the foundations for a fast, secure, highly scalable and environmentally conscious payment coin – temtum.

Ginger Saltos, world-class cryptographer and temtum CTO, will lead the development team working closely with temtum founder and senior cryptography advisor Richard Dennis and CISO Dr Gareth Owenson. They are joined by CEO Dr Doug Meakin, Director David Shimmon and the best brains in cryptography and blockchain, alongside a senior team rich in banking infrastructure, commercial acumen and financial services experience. The team has global coverage, with team members based in the British Virgin Islands, the Cayman Islands, San Francisco, London, Hong Kong, Frankfurt, Ecuador and Belarus.

Temporal Blockchain technology transforms the way the blockchain works by reconstructing how peer-to-peer networks scale. It operates with less power, energy and storage, and processes transactions on very low-resourced devices at extremely high speeds, with an unparalleled degree of security. The temtum network can be scaled rapidly and at minimal cost. temtum eliminates the need for centralised pools of specialised hardware, delivering a blockchain network that’s environmentally conscious and can be run on any device connected to the web – even a smartphone. This means that our vision of a truly decentralised, fully scalable network that can be placed in the hands of the many rather than the few is fully achievable. Yet with previous blockchain technology – which theoretically supported a similar vision – that simply wasn’t the case. Our technology innovations have supported the necessary evolution of blockchain, which in turn means that the temtum cryptocurrency represents a compelling mass-market proposition at a global level.

Blockchain is still an emerging technology. It has already started to transform a wide range of industries around the world by providing a digitized, immutable and secure network for transacting, sharing and distributing data without a central authority. This provides a number of significant theoretical benefits when compared with existing technologies and methods, such as improved transparency, traceability and security, as well as increased efficiency and speed of transactions. Most importantly, financial transactions are no longer reliant on trust – they are cryptographically proven.

And yet blockchain networks that have already been deployed have suffered from a number of downsides and concerns that have meant that they have failed to deliver on their promise and are yet to see significant adoption. Chief among these downsides are:

Resource intensity: Many leading cryptocurrencies use highly wasteful and restrictive consensus mechanisms such as proof-of-work, which require enormous energy use and have a significant environmental impact.

Speed: Many blockchain technologies, including Bitcoin, are enormously slow. Bitcoin can take 10–15 minutes per transaction which makes it thoroughly unsuitable as a mainstream form of payment. The majority of alternative high transaction technologies are not blockchains.

Security: Blockchain based cryptocurrencies’ pseudorandom generation of keys is open to exploitation by sophisticated hackers, with quantum computing increasing the likelihood of predicting software generated values.

Scalability: Current blockchain technologies are not truly scalable. They are not able to be fully decentralised and in many cases require high entry points to participate in them e.g. massive computational power.

The fact that current blockchain networks have limitations at their core, means that they cannot satisfy the key transaction demands for many of the industries and applications which should have the highest need for blockchain networks, such as large global payment networks and credit card companies. This is how temtum addresses each of these flaws in current blockchain networks:

Scalability: The Temporal Blockchain eliminates the need to store the entire chain history on all nodes by locally archiving data, while preventing competition in node selection. This significantly reduces resource requirements and allows anyone with a basic form of technology – such as a smartphone user – to fully participate in the network, delivering true decentralisation and infinite scalability.

Speed: The speed of the temtum network is limited only by the hardware and bandwidth of network participants. We have created a highly efficient Consensus Algorithm and removed block size limitations in order to confirm transactions into a block extremely quickly, with a maximum confirmation time of 12 seconds. Once included in a block, a transaction is confirmed – there is no need to wait for additional blocks to be added subsequent to the initial block, as is the case with Bitcoin, due to the impossibility of a malicious fork.

Resources: temtum’s Consensus Algorithm, constructed around leader nodes and our innovative Node Participation Document, removes the need for mining and wasteful, inefficient and restrictive Consensus mechanisms such as proof-of-work. temtum uses substantially less energy and has less environmental impact compared to POW networks. We estimate that the Bitcoin network is 16,573,693 times more expensive than the temtum network based on energy costs alone, assuming both networks are operating at the same size. The Bitcoin network is currently limited to a maximum transaction throughput of seven transactions per second. The average fee for a Bitcoin transaction from 2017-2018 was $57.35 – and the total cost of a Bitcoin transaction in the same time period, including miner and energy fees, was $104.701 .

Security: Temporal is a quantum-secure blockchain network that uses a photon source for genuine random number generation alongside next-generation hashing algorithms. These prevent the network from being vulnerable to theoretical attacks – even in the case that quantum attacks become commonplace in the near future.

Perhaps the key invention in the original Bitcoin white paper (2008) was the integration of the proof-of-work consensus mechanism. This allows all nodes that comprise the Bitcoin network to ensure they share the same copy of the distributed ledger so that it is impossible to double-spend. The proof-of-work mechanism is essentially a method of randomly selecting the next node that will confirm previous transactions in a way that prevents the reasonable economic prediction of the next confirming node.

Proof-of-work is effective at a certain scale, but it is also extremely resource and energy-intensive, and has failed to adapt to growth, as convincingly argued in a 2019 working paper by the Bank for International Settlements (BIS). 2 This paper states that proof-of-work can only achieve payment security if mining income is high, but if that is the case, the transaction market cannot generate an adequate level of income. As a result, liquidity is set to deteriorate substantially in years to come. This is just one of the reasons why for blockchain cryptocurrencies to be truly effective, there needs to be a step-change in their evolution. And that is precisely what we believe temtum delivers.

The temtum Consensus Algorithm, by contrast with Bitcoin, is highly secure and does not require intensive computational resources. It also eliminates block size limitations and implements improved network routing, which means that the temtum network can handle increasing loads as required, which solves the scalability problem. The only limitations governing the number of transactions per second that temtum delivers are hardware and network bandwidth.

The temtum network incorporates – and is enhanced by – the Temporal Blockchain, a new mechanism that allows local nodes to define themselves as 'Temporal nodes' to archive data in order to minimise storage space usage. This follows the same logic as Bitcoin in terms of establishing a timestamp network, but crucially it does not require proof-of-work mining. Instead, although data is archived locally, the Temporal system has been designed to ensure the integrity of the blockchain – making it possible for nodes to validate previous transactions without downloading and storing the entire blockchain.

This data storage method allows low-power devices to fully participate in the temtum network and confirm transactions without requiring the resources demanded by traditional proof-of-work blockchain networks such as Bitcoin. The combination of the temtum Consensus Algorithm and Temporal technology allows the temtum network to deliver extremely high transaction throughput and short transaction confirmation times with low resource requirements.

We have used laboratory tests followed by a live deployment over globally distributed servers to confirm a throughput of up to 120,000 transactions per second (a multiple of the peak capacity of 56,000 TPS on the VISA system).

The technology behind temtum is already fully developed, including mobile and web applications, which are described throughout this document. The temtum live main net will be deployed at the same time as coin distribution is carried out. temtum coin (TEM) will be delivered as a fully operational form of payment on day one of genesis block (the first block of any blockchain).

More info added soon...