MR ROSS TAVAKOLI is a Director from Knutsford. This person was born in July 1982, which was over 39 years ago. MR ROSS TAVAKOLI is British and resident in United Kingdom. This company officer is, or was, associated with at least 6 company roles.
Companies associated with this officer had at least £10 shareholder value and £6,428 cash in recent accounts.
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Conditional order
A conditional order is an order that includes one or more specified criteria or limitations on its execution.
What Is a Conditional Order?
A conditional order is an order that includes one or more specified criteria. Generally conditional orders refer to more complex order types used in advanced trading strategies. The most common type of conditional order is a limit order, which specifies a fixed price above (or below) which a purchase (or sale) cannot take place, although other conditions can exist aside from price, such as how long an order is enforced (known as time-in-force), or if another order must be completed first before the new order is triggered.
How Conditional Orders Work
Brokerage firms and discount brokerages offer some standard conditional orders for traders with certain criteria. These orders will typically be limit, stop, and stop limit. Nearly all trading platforms will have these standard conditional order types available for client accounts.
Conditional orders can be used by all types of traders. Discount brokerages will offer basic conditions such as limit, stop and stop limit. More advanced traders will seek to place conditional orders with broader criteria.
Non-conditional orders typically refer to defaulted orders in which the investor does not have specific levels demanded for price or timing. Market orders are one of the most common orders placed by novice traders. These orders have no specified price criteria and are placed at the first available price given following the order submission.
A contingent order is a particular type of conditional order that involves the simultaneous execution of two or more transactions, or the price or execution of another security. These order types may be helpful when placing two trades at the same time or when defining stop-loss points. Specific types of conditional orders like these include one-cancels-other (OCO) orders or order-sends-order (OSO). In an OCO order, multiple conditional orders can be placed with other orders canceled once one has been executed. In a OSO the execution of an order triggers more orders to be placed.
More Advanced Conditional Orders
Advanced conditional orders build on the concepts of limit, stop, and stop limit. They also layer additional criteria to a trade which can help an advanced trader in deploying broader risk management.
Advanced trading platforms such as Interactive Brokers will offer these advanced conditional orders. These conditional orders are also available through some of the popular technical analysis platforms such as: MetaStock, Worden TC2000, eSignal, NinjaTrader, Wave59 PRO2, EquityFeed Workstation, ProfitSource, VectorVest and INO MarketClub.
Advanced conditional orders usually include several conditional variables in the order submission. Trade order variables can be based on price, time, volume, margin cushion, percentage change and more. Various combinations of variables can be used. Traders can also use operators to specify variables such as equal to, greater or less than.
Advanced conditional orders can be used by traders and technical analysts for a wide variety of trading strategies. These orders can help a technical analyst to ensure profits at a specified price point. They may also be used by portfolio managers as risk management.
Examples
As a basic example, let's assume XYZ stock is trading at $220 a share, and you want to buy some if there is a dip in before they trading day is out. You can specify a day order with a limit price to buy at $215. Here there are two conditions: the first is a purchase price of $215 or better based on the limit order, and that the order will be working until the end of the trading day, at which point it will be cancelled.
In one more advanced example, consider a technical analyst following a stock with a price approaching its support trendline in a Bollinger Band chart. If they feel a reversal is likely at the support level, they can institute a conditional order to buy call options on the stock. This conditional order would be primarily based on price. Therefore, the order would include an order to buy an option at a specified price when the underlying security reaches a specified price.
Deactivated Topic
Ticker
Ticker
A stock symbol (ticker) is a unique series of letters assigned to a security for trading purposes.
By ADAM HAYES
Updated December 28, 2020
Reviewed by GORDON SCOTT
Fact checked by DIANE COSTAGLIOLA
What Is a Stock Symbol (Ticker)?
A stock symbol is a unique series of letters assigned to a security for trading purposes. Stocks listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) can have four or fewer letters. Nasdaq-listed securities can have up to five characters. Symbols are just a shorthand way of describing a company's stock, so there is no significant difference between those that have three letters and those that have four or five. Stock symbols are also known as ticker symbols.
Understanding Stock Symbols
In the 1800s, when modern stock exchanges came into being, floor traders had to communicate the stock price of a traded company by writing or shouting out the name of the company in full. As the number of publicly traded companies increased from the dozens to the hundreds, they soon realized that this process was time-consuming and held up the information queue, unable to keep up with frequently-changing prices—especially after the advent of the stock-quoting ticker tape machine in 1867.
To be more efficient in relaying price changes on company stock to investors, company names were shortened to one to five alpha symbols. Today, stock tickers still exist, but digital displays have replaced paper ticker tape.
In addition to saving time and capturing a specific stock price at the right time, stock symbols are useful when two or more companies have similar monikers. For example, CIT Group (CIT) and Citigroup (C) have nearly identical names, but are not affiliated with each other: CIT Group specializes in financing and leasing, and Citigroup is global bank. Both firms trade on the NYSE, with CIT Group trading under the CIT ticker symbol and Citigroup trading under C.
There are also companies that are spin-offs of the same company and have similar stock symbols. In November 2015, Hewlett-Packard split into two separate companies—Hewlett-Packard Enterprise (HPE) and HP Inc. (HPQ).1
Hewlett-Packard Enterprise serves as the business service and hardware division and focuses on servers, storage, networking, and security. HP Inc. is the consumer-facing computer and printer division and has a smaller market for its products than HPE.
Types of Stock Symbols
If the company has more than one class of shares trading in the market, then it will have the class added to its suffix. If it is a preferred stock, the letters "PR" and the letter denoting the class will typically be added.
For example, a fictional preferred stock called Cory's Tequila Corporate Preferred A-shares would have a symbol such as CTC.PR.A. Different sources quote preferred shares in slightly different ways.
Some stock symbols indicate whether the shares of a company have voting rights, especially if the company has more than one class of shares trading in the market. For example, Alphabet Inc. (formerly Google) has two classes of shares trading on the Nasdaq with stock symbols GOOG and GOOGL. Common shareholders of GOOG have no voting rights since GOOG shares are Class C shares, while GOOGL shares are Class A shares and have one vote each.
For example, Berkshire Hathaway has two class of shares trading on the NYSE: Class A and Class B. Class A shares are listed with stock symbol BRK.A, and Class B shares, which have lower voting rights than Class A trade with the symbol BRK.B.
Companies trading on the NYSE typically have three or fewer letters, although they can have four, representing their stock symbols. Nasdaq firms generally have four- or five-letter symbols (e.g., Adobe Systems (ADBE), Apple, Inc. (AAPL), and Groupon Inc. (GRPN)).
Some companies that trade on the Nasdaq with fewer than four letters include Meta (FB), formerly Facebook, and Moneygram International (MGI). However, companies moving from the NYSE to Nasdaq can retain their stock symbols.
Example of Stock Symbol (Ticker)
Stock symbols are also used to convey information about the trading status of a company. This information is usually represented on the NYSE by one letter following a dot after the stock’s standard company symbol.
On the Nasdaq, a fifth letter is added to stocks that are delinquent in certain exchange requirements. For example, with ACERW, the first four letters comprise the stock symbol for Acer Therapeutics Inc. (ACER), and the last letter ‘W’ indicates that the shares have warrants attached.
A company that is in bankruptcy proceedings will have the Q after its symbol, and a non-U.S. company trading in the U.S. financial markets will have the letter Y following its ticker symbol. The meaning of the letters from A to Z are shown here:
A: Class A shares, e.g BRK.A
B: Class B shares, e.g. BRK.B
C: Issuer Qualification Exception—the company does not meet all the exchange’s listing requirements but can remain listed on the exchange for a short time period.
D: New issue of existing stock
E: Delinquent or missed one or more SEC required filings (may also be denoted by .LF)
F: Foreign issue
G: First convertible bond
H: Second convertible bond
I: Third convertible bond
J: Voting share
K: Non-voting share
L: Miscellaneous (e.g., foreign preferred, third-class of warrants, preferred when-issued, fifth class preferred shares, etc.)
M: Fourth-class preferred shares
N: Third-class preferred shares
O: Second-class preferred shares
P: First-class preferred shares
Q: In bankruptcy proceedings
R: Rights
S: Shares of beneficial interest
T: With warrants or with rights
U: Units
V: When-issued and when-distributed. These shares are about to go through a corporate action plan that has already been announced, such as a stock split.
W: Warrants
X: Mutual Funds
Y: American Depository Receipt (ADR)
Z: Miscellaneous situations (same as the letter L)
OB: Over-the-counter bulletin board
PK: Pink sheets stock
SC: Nasdaq Small-cap
NM: Nasdaq National Market
Ticker
A stock symbol (ticker) is a unique series of letters assigned to a security for trading purposes.
Canary network
A “Canary network” is an operational blockchain with a defined (and hence scarce) token supply that is intended to be used to test features for a related main net.
On a Canary network users have a balance that cannot just be replenished at will. This is in contrast to a testnet which generally has an unlimited token supply available in increments to any user through a faucet.
The defined and scarce token supply may confer value to the token, potentially making it attractive to attackers such that testing is as “real” as it can possibly get. This allows for the hardening of the system under testing. Polkadot is the originator of the Canary network concept, with their Kusama Network.
Deactivated Topic
Ask
The ask is the price a seller is willing to accept for a security, which is often referred to as the offer price. Along with the price, the ask quote might also stipulate the amount of the security available to be sold at the stated price. The bid is the price a buyer is willing to pay for a security, and the ask will always be higher than the bid.
By WILL KENTON Updated January 21, 2022
Reviewed by GORDON SCOTT
Fact checked by KATHARINE BEER
Understanding Ask
The terms "bid" and "ask" are used in nearly every financial market in the world, including stocks, bonds, foreign exchange, and derivatives.
An example of an ask in the stock market is $5.24 x 1,000, which means that someone is offering to sell 1,000 shares for $5.24 per share.
The ask is always higher than the bid; the difference between the two numbers is called the spread. A wider spread makes it harder to make a profit because the security is always being bought at the high end of the spread and sold at the low end.
Stock Market Spreads
In 2001, stock prices changed from being quoted in sixteenths to decimals.1 That brought the smallest possible spread from 1/16 of a dollar, or $.0625, to one penny. The width of a spread in nominal terms will depend in part on the price of the stock. A spread of two cents on a price of $10 is 0.02%, while a spread of two cents on a price of $100 is 0.002%.
Foreign Exchange Spreads
Spreads in the wholesale market, in which financial institutions deal, are tight. The spreads vary by currency because the value of a point varies. A typical spread when trading the euro versus the dollar is between 1 and 2 points. This means that the bid might be 1.3300, which is the number of dollars needed to buy one euro with an offer of 1.3301. A single point on a transaction of $10,000,000 and a EUR/USD rate of 1.3300 is worth $751. At 110 Japanese yen to the dollar, the value of one point on a $10,000,000 transaction is $909.
The bid/ask spread for cross-currency transactions such as the euro versus the Japanese yen or the British pound is usually two to three times as wide as spreads versus the dollar. This reflects both lower trading volume and higher volatility.
Spreads in the retail market have tightened considerably with the increased popularity of electronic dealing systems. These allow small traders to view competitive prices in ways that only large financial institutions could do in the past. This has pushed spreads down as low as 3 to 10 points at times.
Bank Note Spreads
Buying and selling banknotes in foreign currencies is a separate market from either wholesale or retail foreign exchange. Spreads are likely to be 75 pips or more.