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Joseph Erlanger (1874-1965) was an American physician, neuroscientist, and physiologist. Born in San Francisco, he held citizenship in the United States. Erlanger contributed significantly to the field of neuroscience and was awarded the 1944 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
He attended a variety of educational institutions, including Lowell High School in San Francisco, the University of Wisconsin–Madison, the University of California, Berkeley, and eventually the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, where he received his medical education.
Joseph Erlanger passed away in St. Louis in 1965. Throughout his career, he made noteworthy contributions to the study of neuroscience, earning him recognition in the academic discipline of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

