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Israel Gelfand (August 20, 1913 – October 5, 2009) was a mathematician and biologist who held citizenship in several countries including the Russian Empire, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Soviet Union, and the United States. He was born in Okny, Russian Empire and died in New Brunswick, New Jersey.
Gelfand was educated at Moscow State University. He was a doctoral advisor for Andrey Kolmogorov. Over the years, Gelfand mentored numerous doctoral students, including Alexandre Kirillov, Felix Berezin, Joseph Bernstein, Georgiy Shilov, Alexander Goncharov, Andrei Zelevinsky, Victor Lidskii, Vitalii Ditkin, Julius Anatolyevich Schrader, Endre Szemerédi, Georgy Adelson-Velsky, and Boris Feigin.
His notable works include the Gelfand–Naimark theorem and the Gelfand–Mazur theorem. He had a son named Vladimir Gelfand.
