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Aleksey Anatolyevich Navalny ( born June 4, 1976 , Butyn , Odintsovo district , Moscow region , RSFSR , USSR ) is a Russian opposition leader , lawyer , political and public figure who gained initial notoriety for his investigations into corruption in Russia . A number of leading media are positioned as the main leader of the Russian opposition . Creator of the " Anti-Corruption Fund ", which unites subsidiaries: " Smart Voting " , "Navalny Trade Union" , " RosPil ", "RosZhKH" , " RosYama ", "RosVybory" , "The Good Machine of Truth ".
Author of two popular YouTube channels: "Aleksey Navalny" and "Navalny LIVE".
He took second place in the 2013 Moscow mayoral election , receiving 27.24% of the vote and losing to Sergei Sobyanin [14] . Since November 2013, he has been the head of the Central Council of the political party " Russia of the Future " [15] . In December 2016, he announced his intention to participate in the presidential elections in Russia , which took place in March 2018. According to the editors of Vedomosti , he turned out to be in fact the only politician who conducted a full-fledged election campaign in 2017 , however, on December 25, 2017, the CEC refused to register him due to an outstanding conviction in the Kirovles case .
In 2017-2018, the main organizer, together with the Anti-Corruption Foundation headed by him , of a mass protest movement in Russia.
Since the beginning of the 2010s, he has been accused, defendant and witness in a number of criminal, administrative, civil and arbitration cases, which international human rights organizations consider politically motivated [⇨] . The most resonant of them are " Case of Kirovles" and " Case of Yves Rocher ". In both cases , the European Court of Human Rights ruled in favor of Navalny, and the cases were found to be falsified. The ECHR also recognized seven episodes of detention and administrative arrests of Navalny in 2012-2014 as politically motivated [19] . In total, Navalny won 6 complaints against the Russian authorities in the ECHR for a total of 225 thousand euros [20] .
In 2009, Navalny was recognized by the Vedomosti newspaper as "Person of the Year" [21] . In 2012 and 2021, Time magazine included him in the ranking of the 100 most influential people in the world , and in June 2017, in the list of the 25 most influential people on the Internet. In 2017 and 2019, he was elected Politician of the Year according to Vedomosti. According to the research center "Romir", in the fall of 2020, he took 4th place in the rating of Russians' trust [22] , having risen from 19th position in six months [23] .
On August 20, 2020, as a result of poisoning with a chemical warfare agent from the Novichok group, he fell into a coma [⇨] . From August 20 to August 22, he was in the toxic resuscitation department of the city clinical hospital No. 1 in Omsk , and from August 22 to September 22, he was treated at the Charite hospital in Berlin , after discharge he underwent rehabilitation in Germany. On January 17, 2021, after treatment in Germany, Navalny returned from Berlin to Moscow, where he was arrested while going through passport control [24] [25] [⇨] . The poisoning of Navalny caused an international and all-Russian outcry. European Union andThe UK considered 6 high-ranking Russian officials and GosNIIOKhT involved in the assassination attempt on Navalny with the help of chemical weapons and imposed sanctions against them. Russian authorities denied allegations of involvement in his poisoning.
On February 2, 2021, the Simonovsky Court of Moscow replaced Navalny with a suspended sentence of 3 years and 6 months in the case of Yves Rocher with a real one with serving a penal colony for 2 years and 8 months [26] [27] . The ECHR and the international human rights organizations Amnesty International and Memorial , some leaders of Western countries, as well as a number of Russian and foreign media recognized Navalny's imprisonment as politically motivated [28] [29] [30] . In May 2021, the human rights organization Amnesty International awarded Navalny the status of a “ prisoner of conscience ” [31] .
