The history of Novosibirsk dates back to the 18th century, when there was a village on the left coast of the Ob. It was called the village of Krivoshchekovo. But the village did not develop, and did not become the basis for the city. But on the other, on the right coast, the Trans-Siberian Railway was built in 1893. Its builders needed to live somewhere, so initially there was a small village here. It could disappear after the departure of its inhabitants further, but it lured with its advantageous position. The convenient terrain and relief, the flowing Ob, and the newly built railway attracted the future founders of Novosibirsk. In a few months, the village became an economic platform. Initially, the village was called Alexandrovsky, but after 3 years it received a new name Novonikolaevsk.
Already in 1897, the first trains with various goods began to run. The population increased, and within a year there were about 8000 residents. Then the city had problems because of belonging to the imperial department. It was necessary to pay for the land, and the authorities could take it at absolutely any moment. However, at the beginning of the 20th century, it was allowed to purchase land without paying rent in the future.
6 years after the first population census, the second one was conducted. Then the population was already 26,000 people. The city was given the right to choose the duma.
The basis of the city's economy was flour milling and some other related work. At that time, railway lines were being built to Semipalatinsk. It was decided to build these routes through Novonikolaevsk. In the village itself, a railway station was founded for the development of railway trade. In 1909, a fire occurred in the city, causing great damage. Therefore, next year it is decided to start building out of bricks. By 1914, a large number of enterprises were operating in Novonikolaevsk: steam mills, factories for melting pig iron and producing products from it, workshops. 7 banks were opened for use by citizens. The military business of the city also flourished: barracks and other military buildings were built.
Universal education was introduced in the city before the outbreak of the First World War. Schools and colleges were built. The Kryachkov School was the largest educational institution. It was a full-fledged and incredibly good school, which even had its own observatory. In total, a little less than 40 schools, gymnasiums for boys and girls, and 3 colleges were opened along the streets of the city. They started publishing newspapers. Libraries and shops filled with books for sale were opened.
The citizens of the city were very eager to achieve their goals. They studied, worked, from which the city developed rapidly. But in addition to all the necessary work, residents sometimes needed to rest. And in such a situation, they had ways to spend their time. Their main entertainment was a ball. At the end of the first decade of the 20th century, the Opera House opens. A cinema was also built in the city, where scenes of Russian history were shown. At that time, there was a feature of beheading people in the movie in cinemas. People didn't know that it was all done with animations, so they believed that these people were really killed.
A power plant was built, which made it possible to provide the city with electricity. Plumbing appeared in the houses. Public transport began to run. During the First World War, the city had numerous problems. The city could have disappeared, but the decision to make it the capital of the province in 1921 saves it. In 1926, the city was renamed Novosibirsk. In a few years, 8 higher educational institutions and 19 institutions of technical specialty will open in the city. Parks and gardens were opened in the city. The city wanted to develop in the direction of culture, to remake the theater. However, this was planned to be done by September 1941, but the war broke out, which moved the date of the theater's reopening four years ahead. During the Second World War, the city was not a front-line city, there were no military operations on its territory, there were no bombings. A lot of factories were evacuated here, city buildings were sent to military affairs.
A large number of residents moved to the city, the population grew. In the early 60s, the number of inhabitants reached one million. In 1985, the metro opened, built in 6 years. Its construction was a great impetus in the development of the city. In the future, the city proved to be a very large and influential center.
