Yevgeniy Shevchenko

FNK wallet

Finiko financial pyramid ERC-20 token.

In May 2021, showed high growth, but then soon lost 99% of its value. Based on ether smart contracts. Traded on Uniswap.

Finiko (Финико) is a Russian financial pyramid, according to preliminary estimates, the amount of investments reaches 7 billion rubles.

History

The company was founded in the summer of 2019 in Tatarstan. The founders of the company are residents of Kazan Kirill Doronin (public representative of the brand, serial entrepreneur. He was the founder of about 20 companies), Zygmunt Zygmuntovich, Marat Sabirov and Edward Sabirov (partner of the former Minister of Communications of the Russian Federation Nikolai Nikiforov in the company for the development of Innopolis for 70 billion rubles). Later, the co-founders began to claim that all ideas came from Doronin, and they only carried them out and controlled. In addition, "Finiko" was only a trademark, not a registered legal entity.

Finiko positioned itself as a “automatic profit generation system”, the essence of all products of which boils down to one thing: the service takes money from the client, invests it on the stock exchange and receives profit, which is generously shared with the client. Investors were offered investment products based on income diversification in several financial markets around the world, including the Moscow Exchange, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange and several crypto exchanges. The company claimed that it helps to close a loan with this money, buy a car or an apartment for 35% of the cost and just earn. The promotional offers talked about 30% per annum and even about 5% per day.

The company offered three investment programs to choose from:

accepting from a thousand dollars in bitcoins, the promised income was to be 20-30% per month (later the entry amount increased several times),

the possibility of closing in ten months "any debt, loan, mortgage" of the client for 35% of the amount of debt transferred to the company's account,

the opportunity to buy real estate or a car for 35% of their value and become the owner 120 days after the transfer of money.

To get started, customers had to buy the company's internal currency, digits, for bitcoin or the Tether token, the exchange rate of which was determined by the company itself. In addition, in order to activate their deposit, clients had to buy another internal product, the $1,000 CTI index.

On December 1, 2020, Finiko released its own FNK cryptocurrency, which appeared on cryptocurrency exchanges. At first, the purchase of cryptocurrency was voluntary, but in June 2021, the founder of the company, Kirill Doronin, announced that Finiko was switching to settlements with users only in FNK, and digital coins would remain a unit of measurement within the platform. After that, the cost of FNK increased from just over $25 to $217, but then the rate began to decline and on July 26, about 50 cents were offered for one FNK.

After the jump in the cryptocurrency rate, Finiko stopped payments to customers. And on July 16, Kirill Doronin, during a live broadcast on Instagram, said that he had not been able to contact other founders of the project for two weeks. Doronin called himself a modest "talking head", and the rest of the founders - people who make decisions. “For me, it looks like I was, in fact, kicked out of the company. This is how I interpret it,” he said. Doronin promised to apply to law enforcement agencies with a statement against his partners. In response, Edward and Marat Sabirovs, as well as Zygmunt Zygmuntovich, stated that they consider themselves deceived, and Doronin was allegedly robbed of $ 50 million of depositors' funds.

Intervention of the Central Bank and law enforcement agencies

In December 2020, the first searches of Finiko's head office in Kazan took place.

The Central Bank identified signs of a financial pyramid and made the information public on its website in June 2021[8].

At the end of July 2021, Kirill Doronin, one of the founders of Finiko, was detained in Kazan. The suspect is charged with article 172.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation “Organization of activities to raise funds.”[9] According to the REN TV channel, law enforcement agencies received about 20 complaints from the victims.[10]. As it turned out, Doronin back in 2014 created the Escalat financial pyramid, which similarly collapsed[11]. During interrogation, Doronin stated that Zygmunt Zygmuntovich, Marat and Eduard Sabirovs, who had access to cryptocurrency assets, were responsible for the loss of funds.

In July, a criminal case against Finiko was also opened in Kazakhstan under an article on the creation and management of a financial pyramid. The prosecutor's office of Almaty, conducting the case, reported that in total Finiko's clients were 165,000 people.

In August 2021, more than 650 applications were received from affected depositors from the Samara, Tyumen, Novosibirsk, Irkutsk, Chelyabinsk regions, Krasnodar, Primorsky and Krasnoyarsk regions.

On September 6, 2021, Ilgiz Shakirov was detained in Tatarstan and placed in a pre-trial detention center, having attracted more than 100 thousand investors to the pyramid, receiving the status of “Vice President” of Finiko for this.

By September, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia received 3,300 applications from residents of Russia and foreigners affected by the activities of the Finiko financial pyramid for more than a billion rubles.

Kostanay (Қостанай / Qostanai) former Nikolaevsk. City in Kazakhstan, the administrative center of the Kostanay region.

It is located in the north-west of Kazakhstan, in the northern part of the Kostanay region. The area is 240 km2.

Name

Until June 17, 1997, the city was called Kustanai, after the name of the tract on which the city is located on the banks of the Tobol River. The original name is Nikolaevsk.

In 1870, colonel-surveyor A. Tillo proposed to start building the settlement of Urbadai, thus it became the very first projected name for the future city on the Tobol River. With the arrival of General A. Konstantinovich as governor of the Turgai region, it was decided to start construction not near the Urdabai ford, but near the Kustanai ford. So in 1879, the name Kustanai first appeared in official papers. The local population called the future city differently: somewhere in unofficial documents it was called Novo-Nikolaevsk (U. Tyulkubaev, I. Urymbaev, B. Adaev and K. Adaev), somewhere as Novo-Tobolsk (architect B. Webel). Officially, these names were not used, but they were in the architectural project and were indicated by the relevant departments. In 1882-1884, the name Novo-Nikolaevsk was widely used, although the head of the Nikolaev district, State Councilor A. Sipailov, who stood at the origins of the founding of the city, as well as Bishop Veniamin of Orenburg and Ural, refer to it as a village in the Kustanai tract, without using any other names . But already in 1884, only the settlement of Kustanai was officially used in all departments, although everywhere it continues to be indicated in correspondence as Novo-Nikolaevsk or simply Nikolaevsk. Only on February 20, 1895, by the highest order of Emperor Nicholas II, the city received the final name Kustanay

In many cities of Kazakhstan, Russia and Ukraine, in honor of the specified settlement under its former name (Kostanay), there is a Kustanayskaya street.

Geography

The city is located in the steppe zone in the north of the Turgai Plateau, in the southwestern part of the West Siberian Plain, on the Tobol River, 571 km northwest of Nur-Sultan (704 km along the highway). The nearest million-plus city is Russian Chelyabinsk, located 260 km (more than 300 km along the highway) northwest of Kostanay.

History

The development of the Kazakh steppes by Russian settlers began in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. The area, which includes the modern city of Kostanay, was called the Nikolaevsky district, and the village of Nikolaevskaya was its center of control. The county was part of the Turgai region of the Russian Empire.

The administration of the county was carried out outside the territory of the county itself, which caused inconvenience.

Therefore, it was planned to establish a new economic center, with which all the main threads of trade and economic routes would be connected, in order to include this area in economic relations with the Urals, Western Siberia and Central Russia.

In October 1864, the head of the district, A. Sipailov, wrote a letter to Orenburg, proposing to build a city on the site of the Urdabay tract. He was one of the first who made a proposal for the location of the future city. In his letter, he described the area as follows:

This is the best place in the steppe, it is more or less central, especially during the summer migrations of the Kyrgyz. It is convenient both economically, for the inhabitants of the future city, and in relation to trade.

The Urdabai tract, located near the Tobol River, was chosen as a place for the construction of the city, but soon, after inspecting the area by the military governor of the Turgai region A. Konstantinovich, it turned out that the place was unsuitable. As a result, it was decided to build a city on the site of the Kustanai tract, which was located 8 miles downstream of the Tobol River. The city was given the name Nikolaevsk.

The construction of the city began in 1879 by order of the Orenburg Governor-General N. Kryzhanovsky. Initially, the population of the Nikolaevsky district consisted of indigenous people - the Kazakhs, who lived in 8 volosts, namely: in the Arakaragay, Dzhitygarinsky, Dambarsky, Amankaragaysky, Mendykarinsky, Saroysky, Chubarsky and Suunduksky volosts. But in connection with the construction of a new settlement in 1880, immigrants from the European part of the Russian Empire began to stay. Agricultural, cattle-breeding and horse-breeding development of this region began. Initially, the city had enterprises for the processing of agricultural raw materials and small tanneries and oil mills. In 1895, the Nikolaevsky uyezd was renamed into the Kustanai uyezd, and the city itself acquired the official name Kustanai after the tract of the same name.

One of the significant stages of the resettlement occurred at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries and was associated primarily with the opening of the Siberian railway and the Stolypin agrarian reform. At that time, the foundation of the Ukrainian community in Kazakhstan was laid.

In 1912-1913, the Chelyabinsk-Kostanay railway line was built and the railway station of the same name was opened. At the beginning of the 20th century, the city was a major trade fair center in the Kazakh steppes. The Swiss citizen Lorets built the largest beer production plant in the South Urals and on the territory of present-day Kazakhstan, which is still operating, which was bottled in specially produced branded bottles, which was a rarity at that time. In 1942-1946, the Stalingrad Flight School was evacuated in the city, in 1946 it was relocated to Novosibirsk.

In the 1950s, the population of the city and the region increased markedly due to the development of virgin lands. At the eastern entrance to the city, from the side of the Tobol River, a large-scale architectural inscription-stele with five-meter figures was installed, similar to this one: “385 thousand tons of grain”, where the number of tons was updated every week.

On June 17, 1997, by decree of the President of Kazakhstan, the spelling of the name was changed, the city of Kustanay was renamed Kostanay, and the Kustanay region, respectively, into Kostanay region.