Светлана Шопина

Mikhail Dmitrievich Ageyev (14.5.1931, Cheremkhovo, now Irkutsk region - 19.11.2005, Vladivostok), Russian scientist in the field of navigation systems and control of moving objects, Acad. RAS (1992). After graduating from Leningrad Institute of Fine Mechanics and Optics (1954), he worked in the A. N. Krylov Central Research Institute, and since 1972, in the Institute of Automation and Control Processes, Far East Scientific Center of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1988 he organized the Institute of Marine Technology Problems at the Far Eastern Branch of Academy of Sciences (since 1988 - Director). He worked mainly in the field of creation of autonomous unmanned submersibles for oceanological research, search and examination of sunken objects.

Nikolai Vladimirovich AGEEV [17 (30).6.1903, Tiflis - 10.9.1983, Moscow], Russian chemist and metallurgist, Acad. OF THE USSR ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (1968). He graduated from Leningrad Polytechnic Institute (1926). His main works were in chemistry and technology of solids, mainly of metal alloys. He was the first to apply (1932) the X-ray diffraction analysis of bertollide phases of double and triple metallic systems. In 1945-52 he found the relation between electronic density of chemical bonds, structure and properties in metal alloys. Together with his collaborators he studied (1960-70) single crystals of chromium, molybdenum, titanium and other high-purity metals, many double, triple and quadruple systems in order to obtain constructional materials. He discovered (1980) the phenomenon of anomalous ordering of magnetic moments in crystal lattice. Director of the A. A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy. Director of A. A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy of USSR Academy of Sciences (1971-75).

Philipp Alexandrovich Agaltsev (20.01.1900, Soldatskoe village, Efremovsky uyezd, Tula province, now Efremovsky district, Tula region - 29.6.1980, Moscow), Soviet commander, Brigadier General of the Polish Army (1945), Marshal of Aviation (1962), Hero of the Soviet Union (1978). In Red Army since 1919. Participant of the Civil War. Graduated from Kiev political-military school (1925), Military-political academy of the Red Army (1932), flying courses at 1st Kachinsky military flying school named after A. F. Myasnikov (1934); in April 1935 was appointed deputy chief of political department of the 114th Aviation Brigade (Belarus military district). In 1937-38 he volunteered for the Spanish Civil War as Air Commissar in the Spanish Republican Army. During the Great Patriotic War, 1941-43 he was chief of Tambov school of military aviation specialists, from 1943 commander of the 292nd assault aviation division, from 1944 commander of the 1st Polish mixed air corps which took part in Berlin operation (1st Belorussian front); personally made dozens of combat missions to attack the enemy troops. After the war he commanded the Assault Aviation Corps and the Air Army. In 1949-56 he was first deputy Commander-in-Chief of USSR Air Forces, in 1956-58 - Inspector General of Air Forces, in 1958-62 - Deputy Commander-in-Chief of Air Forces. Took part in testing and introduction of new aviation equipment. Since 1962 - Commander of Long Range Aviation of the Air Force. From 1971 - Inspector-Advisor of the Group of General Inspectors of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR.

Awarded the Order of Lenin (1937, 1945, 1961 and 1978), the Order of the Red Banner (1943 - twice; 1944, 1950 and 1968), the Order of Suvorov, 2nd class (1945), the Order of Kutuzov, 2nd class (1945), the Order of World War II (1944), the Red Star (1938), etc.

Pavel Artemievich AGADZHANOVAgadzhanov (21.5.1923, Baku - 7.7.2001, Moscow), Soviet and Russian specialist in the field of ground-based information and measurement and information and control space systems, corresponding member of RAS (1984), Lieutenant-General (1983). In the Armed Forces of the USSR from 1941 to 1988. Graduated from Leningrad Air Force Academy (1944). Participant of the Great Patriotic War. After the war he worked at Research Institute of Academy of Artillery Sciences of the USSR; in 1946-48 - professor of Air Force Academy named after N.E. Zhukovsky; from 1948 - chief of research bureau and head of department of Research Institute 4 of Ministry of Defense. In 1954-71 he was head of scientific and test work in the complex of measuring instruments, being at the same time one of its main creators. In 1959-61 - scientific supervisor of Center of Long Range Space Communications. At the same time he taught at Moscow Aviation Institute (MAI) at the department of aircraft radio control, professor since 1960. In 1961-72 - Head of Main operational group for manned space flight control. From 1971 deputy director on scientific work, chief designer of Research Institute of Automated Vehicles. Since 1988 he was a general designer and deputy director of Institute of Automated Design of USSR Academy of Science, simultaneously being the head of department in Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology and MAI.

Pavel Artemievich AGADZHANOV (21.5.1923, Baku - 7.7.2001, Moscow), Soviet and Russian specialist in the field of ground-based information and measurement and information and control space systems, corresponding member of RAS (1984), Lieutenant-General (1983). In the Armed Forces of the USSR from 1941 to 1988. Graduated from Leningrad Air Force Academy (1944). Participant of the Great Patriotic War. After the war he worked at Research Institute of Academy of Artillery Sciences of the USSR; in 1946-48 - professor of Air Force Academy named after N.E. Zhukovsky; from 1948 - chief of research bureau and head of department of Research Institute 4 of Ministry of Defense. In 1954-71 he was head of scientific and test work in the complex of measuring instruments, being at the same time one of its main creators. In 1959-61 - scientific supervisor of Center of Long Range Space Communications. At the same time he taught at Moscow Aviation Institute (MAI) at the department of aircraft radio control, professor since 1960. In 1961-72 - Head of Main operational group for manned space flight control. From 1971 deputy director on scientific work, chief designer of Research Institute of Automated Vehicles. Since 1988 he was a general designer and deputy director of Institute of Automated Design of USSR Academy of Science, simultaneously being the head of department in Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology and MAI.

Agadzhanov was one of the founders of the national astronautics, the main expert in programs for the creation of the first intercontinental ballistic missiles, launch vehicles and the first satellite. Major works in the field of development of theory and practical methods of information support of control processes in large automated systems of special application. He directed the works on creation of Space Command and Control Complex, which was used during the flight of the first Russian ISS and during the first human space flight, for "Moon", "Venus", "Mars" programs. Scientific leader of design, creation and testing of CIC at Kapustin Yar test site, Baikonur Cosmodrome.

Lenin Prize (1957), Prize of the Council of Ministers of the USSR. Was awarded two Orders of the Red Banner of Labor, Order of the Red Star (1956), Order of the Great Patriotic War of the 1st degree (1985), "Badge of Honor".

The All-Russian Research Institute of Aviation Materials, State Scientific Center (SSC VIAM). It was founded in 1932 in Moscow on the basis of the Department of Aircraft Materials Testing TsAGI and the Department of the Central Institute of Aviation Motors (CIAM). VIAM structure includes: Voskresensk experimental and technological center, Gelendzhik climatic testing center, and Ulyanovsk scientific and technological center.

The Institute develops materials for aerospace engineering: cast and deformable heat resistant and intermetallide alloys, steels, heat resistant coatings, light and super light alloys, composite and non-metallic materials of various functional purposes, etc. VIAM's Testing Center performs investigations and comprehensive testing of materials of various classes and wide applications.

The scientific and technical collection "Aviation Materials" (since 1977) is being published. K. A. Andrianov, S. T. Kishkin, I. N. Fridlyander, E. N. Kablov, A. T. Tumanov, R. E. Shalin, etc. made a great contribution to the formation and development of the Institute.

AviationAircraft engine, a unit of the power plant (PP) of an aircraft, which serves to create potential energy and transform it into kinetic energy of the aircraft (airplane, helicopter, cruise missile, airship, etc.). Depending on the principle of operation aviation engines are divided into reciprocating internal combustion engines, jet engines, rocket engines, steam engines, nuclear, electric engines. The main requirements to aircraft engines: high reliability, operating life and fuel efficiency (requirements to specific fuel consumption), thrust-to-weight ratio, small mass, size and shape with the necessary thrust or power. The AC structure depends on the engine type and aircraft type (propeller or jet, subsonic or supersonic) and includes inlet (air intake and its control means, protection against icing and dust) and outlet devices (jet nozzle, noise muffler, noise suppressor), air duct, gas generator (compressor, combustion chamber, turbine), afterburner, propulsor (propeller), fuel system (fuel tanks, pumps, refueling subsystem, in-flight refueling, emergency in-flight fuel drainage, etc. etc.), oil system, firefighting system, attachment assemblies and placement nacelle (streamlined shell), etc.