US Patent 7858261 Systems and methods for stacking fuel cells

The invention, in various embodiments, provides planar fuel cell stack of a plurality of fuel cells, comprising an anode layer including a first anode and a second anode, an electrolyte layer, a cathode layer including a first cathode and a second cathode, and at least one interconnect at least partially disposed within the electrolyte layer, and electrically and mechanically coupling the first anode and the second cathode. In various embodiments, structural supports are provided, the fuel cells are sized to be portable, and are manufactured to produce desired power densities and/or voltages.