Gidro himik

VL80 (Vladimir Lenin; 8-axle, single-phase, initial designation - H81 - Novocherkassk, 81st model) - a series of cargo main two-section AC electric locomotives 25 kV with an axial formula 2 (20−20). Nicknames: "Aurora", "Vylnik", "Kaiser", "Eighty", "Mazey", "Rocket", and also, depending on the index, "Kashka", "eska", "erka", "Teshka", "Val", in Belarus "Ox".

Locomotive VL80c № 197

History of creation VL80

In the regime of the rapidly developing economy and communications of the Soviet Union, the railway workers faced many difficult tasks. The high demand for transportation on steel lines required new technical solutions. The Ministry of Railways began to urgently lack DC freight locomotives, it became necessary to use more powerful electric locomotives in freight transportation. This especially affected the railways, which were electrified later than the roads in the European part of the country, and their contact networks operated on alternating current 27,000 volts.

NEVZ undertook to solve the problem of creating new equipment, which began the development of a powerful modern eight-axle electric locomotive with two sections (instead of the usual 6-axle DC locomotive). The new modern electric locomotive was called H8O, it was able to develop traction of 40 tons per hour.

Soviet designers have developed many options for crew cabins, electrical mechanisms, traction motors. The new electric locomotive structurally represented two absolutely identical sections with four axles, as well as with non-articulated bogies. The designers placed the couplers on the power frames of the locomotive. Carts began to be used on roller bearings in jawless axle boxes.

New electric locomotives of the VL brand were produced by the Novocherkassk electric locomotive plant from the beginning of the sixties to the mid-nineties of the last century. The new machine was created by VELNII - the research institute of the Soviet electric locomotive building. The plant quickly began to produce new locomotives, designated H81001, as well as H81002, initially, and later, in 1963, they gave them the name VL80-004-05.

Freight electric locomotives of the VL80 brand of all modifications were the main workhorse of the railways of the entire Soviet Union. These two-section powerful AC electric locomotives have received several cargo modifications and are still working properly on the long railway lines of Russia.

Features VL80

VL80 - the electric locomotive received this loud name in honor of the creator of the USSR Vladimir Lenin. A feature of this type of this wonderful cargo constellation of Soviet locomotives was the power supply of machines with single-phase alternating current. The main difference between the new locomotive and the previous VL60 model was a new design solution. This locomotive was produced in two-section and eight-axle versions. This model of Soviet freight locomotives has become the largest series of AC machines in the Union and Russia. Mercury arc units were used as rectifiers, which was later replaced by more advanced silicon rectifiers.

The design of the VL80 electric locomotive

Structurally, the body of the VL locomotive was an analogy to the former H8o with slight changes in the appearance of the old car. The driver's cab was borrowed by the creators from the VL60, and the transition between sections was designed like a wagon, a rubber shirt protected the transition from dust. The bogies were equipped with inter-axle hydraulic shock absorbers, they replaced the previous friction-type shock absorbers.

Traction transformers for VL80 were produced in Estonia. These units were installed in all sections of the novelty. The transformer had a steel magnetic core with three windings. The network winding was connected by a rail circuit to the contact wire. The traction winding fed the traction motors and had two adjusting sections, which were divided into 4 constituent elements. The transformer was completely immersed in the oil tank, in which the oil was circulated by pumps through cooled radiators. The driver was engaged in adjusting the voltage of all traction motors. To do this, he used the EKG-8 group switch.

The rectifier units of an electric locomotive are called mercury ignitrons. They were connected in parallel and fed two traction motors, later the ignitrons were replaced by silicon rectifiers.

ynchronous traction collector electric motors were installed on the overhead lines. The stator of the NB414A motor was made of electrical steel, and the pole coils were made of copper. Traction electric motors were capable of delivering 47.9 tons of thrust at a speed of 48 km / h. In continuous mode, the thrust value was 41.1 tons at a speed of 50. The electric locomotive had a good maximum speed of 110 km / h. To ensure the normal operation of the locomotive, auxiliary machines were used - phase splitters, which provided auxiliary motors with three-phase current.

VL80 is controlled from the driver's cab, which is equipped with each section of the locomotive. The cabin has two workplaces. There was a main post of the driver, as well as a second post for his assistant. Cabin equipment is exactly the same. All the main instruments and controls are located at the driver's workplace. All equipment is assembled in a single unit.

The instrumentation and controls include a signal board, a speedometer, a brake blocker, an alarm valve, a crane for controlling the auxiliary brake, a driver's crane, and a push-button station. The driver's workplace is equipped with a control panel.

The Armango group of companies is the manufacturer of brands such as BRUSKO and Dabbler, as well as the ENDS liquid of the same name. Production facilities and our own logistics system ensure prompt deliveries throughout the CIS. The main warehouse is located in Samara within walking distance from the terminal of a large transport company.

Articles of Lurkomorye are written in jargon, consisting of Internet memes, and mainly describe phenomena, events and features that arise with the development of modern culture.

Lurkomorye was founded in 2007. As of April 11, 2021, the encyclopedia contains 9381 entries. According to the Alexa rating dated December 11, 2018, the Lurkmore.to website is in 8711th place in terms of popularity in the world (down 1469 positions over the past 3 months) and 864th among Russian sites.

Name.

Lurkomorye owes its name to the American site lurkmore.com, dedicated to the life story of the 4chan imageboard. The phrase “lurk more” itself (eng. lurk - “lurk”, in this case “wander”, “roam (on the network)”, and more - “more”, “more”) is explained as follows: “In most online communities, “silent beginners”, who at first, without revealing themselves, read the messages and only after some time, “having roughed it up”, begin to write” (Lurkomorye also considers it necessary to encourage this process of collecting information)[20]. Gradually, more in jargon was distorted to moar, as a result, even before the appearance of Lurkomorye, the phrase lurk moar was already used in Russian-language imageboards.

The transformation of lurk moar into lurk sea probably took place on the imageboard 2ch.ru (Dvach), and the first mention in the Russian blogosphere precedes the appearance of the site lurkmore.ru[21]. The mythological term "Lukomorye", known in Slavic folklore, was taken as a basis, thus forming a kind of pun. In the future, due to the popularization of the website, in Runet they began to come up with distorted slang names “Lurkmoar”, “Lurk”, “Lurka”, as well as simply “LM” or “LM”.

Theme and style.

The project initially positioned itself as an encyclopedia of Internet memes, but as it developed, its articles began to cover a much wider range of topics: the Internet and information technology, computer games, everyday life, politics, history, culture, social life, and many others.

Lurkomorye is characterized by a peculiar style of articles, characterized by general informality, semi-joking and sarcastic character, free use of obscene language, unceremonious statements, as well as sharp criticism of the shortcomings of the phenomena under consideration.

A distinctive feature of the articles is also a specific slang - "lurkoyaz", consisting of network jargon, individual words from the everyday life of bastards and kaschenites, as well as their own neologisms.

A notable feature of the project is hiding the IP addresses of anonymous participants in the history of editing articles for everyone except administrators - instead of IP addresses, the inscription "Anonymous" is displayed. Registered members who have the status of an auto-verified member also have the option to make any edit anonymously without disclosing their member account.

In terms of the electrical part, the VL15 is largely unified with the VL11, in terms of the mechanical part, with the VL85. One of the main differences in equipment is the more powerful TL-3B TEDs and power contactors designed for their higher currents, and thyristor excitation converters were installed by the manufacturer on most electric locomotives, later replaced by conventional electric machines. In total, 50 such machines were built at the Tbilisi and Novocherkassk (where the mechanical part was made) plants. Of these, 4 electric locomotives of the VL15S modification (the difference from VL15 is the equipment of the system of many units), as well as 6 electric locomotives of the VL15A modification (the difference is that they were produced without the possibility of recovery).

As on electric locomotives VL11 and VL82, each section of VL15 has an independent power circuit. Six traction motors, as on ChS2 or VL23, can all be connected in series (on this connection, acceleration with the maximum traction force goes up to a speed of 15-20 km / h), in series-parallel (two parallel circuits of three engines each, the maximum traction force is maintained up to speed of 35-40 km/h) or in parallel (three circuits with two engines each, traction force of about 70 tf is maintained up to 60-65 km/h).

Each section of the electric locomotive has two current collectors T-5M1. When operating VL15, it is prescribed to park and start off with three current collectors raised (the first, second and fourth in the direction of travel). When accelerating to a speed of 5-10 km / h, the first pantograph in the direction of travel is lowered, and when the train departs from the side track of the station - at a distance of at least 15-20 m from the nearest turnout.

Electric locomotive VL10Electric locomotive VL10 (Vladimir Lenin) (original designation - T8 - Tbilisi 8-axle) - the main main freight locomotive on the direct current lines of the railways of the Soviet Union, produced by Tbilisi (from 1961 to 1976) and Novocherkassk (from 1969 to 1976) electric locomotive plants. The development of technical documentation for the VL10 electric locomotive was carried out by a team of TEVZ designers under the leadership of the chief designer G. I. Chirakadze. The mechanical part for all electric locomotives was produced by NEVZ.

Axial formula 2 (20 – 20)

Power on the shafts of traction motors, kW:

• in hourly mode 5360

• in continuous mode 4600

Traction force, kN:

• in hourly mode 387

• in continuous mode 314

Speed, km/h:

• hourly 48.7

• in continuous mode

Weight with 2/3 of the stock of sand, t 184

Automatic coupler axle height from the rail head with new tires, mm 1040-1080

Wheel diameter in a rolling circle with new tires, mm 1250

The smallest radius of passable curves at a speed of 10 km / h, m 125

Height from the rail head to the working surface of the pantograph skid, mm:

• in lowered position 5120

• in working 5500 - 7000

The length of the electric locomotive along the axes of the automatic coupler, mm 32880

Gear ratio 88 / 23

Body width, mm 3160

Axial formula 2 (20 – 20)

Power on the shafts of traction motors, kW:

• in hourly mode 5360

• in continuous mode 4600

Traction force, kN:

• in hourly mode 387

• in continuous mode 314

Speed, km/h:

• hourly 48.7

• in continuous mode

Weight with 2/3 of the stock of sand, t 184

Automatic coupler axle height from the rail head with new tires, mm 1040-1080

Wheel diameter in a rolling circle with new tires, mm 1250

The smallest radius of passable curves at a speed of 10 km / h, m 125

Height from the rail head to the working surface of the pantograph skid, mm:

• in lowered position 5120

• in working 5500 - 7000

The length of the electric locomotive along the axes of the automatic coupler, mm 32880

Gear ratio 88 / 23

Body width, mm 3160

motives were built.

Electric locomotive VL10 (Vladimir Lenin) (original designation - T8 - Tbilisi 8-axle) - the main main freight locomotive on the direct current lines of the railways of the Soviet Union, produced by Tbilisi (from 1961 to 1976) and Novocherkassk (from 1969 to 1976) electric locomotive plants. The development of technical documentation for the VL10 electric locomotive was carried out by a team of TEVZ designers under the leadership of the chief designer G. I. Chirakadze. The mechanical part for all electric locomotives was produced by NEVZ.

In accordance with the assignment of the Ministry of Railways, since 1976, TEVZ (from electric locomotive No. 101) and NEVZ (from No. 001), instead of electric locomotives VL10, electric locomotives VL10U (weighted) are produced.

motives were built.

Specifications

Axial formula 2 (20 – 20)

Power on the shafts of traction motors, kW:

• in hourly mode 5360

• in continuous mode 4600

Traction force, kN:

• in hourly mode 387

• in continuous mode 314

Speed, km/h:

• hourly 48.7

• in continuous mode

Weight with 2/3 of the stock of sand, t 184

Automatic coupler axle height from the rail head with new tires, mm 1040-1080

Wheel diameter in a rolling circle with new tires, mm 1250

The smallest radius of passable curves at a speed of 10 km / h, m 125

Height from the rail head to the working surface of the pantograph skid, mm:

• in lowered position 5120

• in working 5500 - 7000

The length of the electric locomotive along the axes of the automatic coupler, mm 32880

Gear ratio 88 / 23

Body width, mm 3160