Aibat Zhaxylykov

The territory of the modern city was previously a favorable crossing point for caravan routes. Archaeologists have found artifacts within the city that date back to the Bronze Age, the Early Iron Age, and the Middle Ages. Thus, in 2001 and 2005, burial grounds of the Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age Kuigenzhar were investigated. In 2007, the royal burial mound on Syganak Street (since 2011, Sh. Kaldayakov Street), located in the immediate vicinity of the Palace of Independence, was partially explored. After the expansion of the administrative line of Astana, within its boundaries (11 km from the city center) there was a Bozok settlement (400 by 200 m in size) - a settlement of farmers, as evidenced by the remains of ditches on an area of ​​30 hectares. The settlement first existed in the 7th-8th centuries, then it was abandoned. The settlement existed again in the 10th-11th centuries, after which it was again abandoned and again restored in the 12th-14th centuries.

CapitalThe capital of Kazakhstan is Nur-Sultan (formerly Astana).

The Republic of Kazakhstan is located almost in the middle of the Eurasian continent. Kazakhstan shares borders with the Russian Federation in the north, north-west and north-east, with China in the south-east, with Uzbekistan in the south-west, and with the Kyrgyz Republic in the south. The area of the country within its present borders is 2,794.9 thousand km2. By its administrative-territorial structure, Kazakhstan is divided

The Republic of Kazakhstan is located almost in the middle of the Eurasian continent. Kazakhstan shares borders with the Russian Federation in the north, north-west and north-east, with China in the south-east, with Uzbekistan in the south-west, and with the Kyrgyz Republic in the south. The area of the country within its present borders is 2,794.9 thousand square kilometers. By its administrative-territorial structure, Kazakhstan is divided into 14 regions and 3 cities of national significance. The cities of national significance are Nur-Sultan, (the capital of the country), Almaty and Shymkent, which have a population of over 1,000,000 people. As of the beginning of 2019, the population of Kazakhstan was 18.7 mln people .

of the territory are lowlands, plains, plateaus and highlands. The terrain of the south-west, north, and central

south-eastsoutheast region of the Republic. Their peaks are 5-6 thousand meters above sea level. The highest point of

Kazakhstan is located in the Tian Shan mountain system, it is Khan Tengri peak (its height is 6995 m). Inland basins (Caspian Sea, Aral Sea, Lake Balkhash), deep depressions and dry basins are common in the terrain of Kazakhstan

in winter, when the territory of Kazakhstan is under the influence of the western extension of the Siberian

anticyclone. In summer, thermal depression is formed in the territory of Kazakhstan, because of the warming

of the underlying surface. In the mid-seasons, south cyclones pass through the territory of Kazakhstan, and

Kazakhstan takes the first place in the world on developed reserves of zinc, tungsten, and barytes, the

second place on copper and fluorite reserves, the third place on manganese reserves, the forthfourth place on

molybdenum reserves, and it is among the top ten countries with the largest gold reserves.

CountryThe country possesses 10% of the world's reserves of iron ore and 25% of the world's uranium reserves.

Kazakhstan ranks the 13th position in the list of countries with the developed oil reserves.

Revenues of the oil sector provide a half of all fiscal revenues of the country.

Almost 70% of all export of the country in value terms is the export of oil and gas condensate, a significant share