Cluster: Brain-computer interface

• Brainmaster, neurofeedback
• Neuroptimal, neurofeedback

• Wireless optogenetic nanoscale device

Optogenetics is a pre-clinical neuroscience research tool that has been suggested as an approach for neuroprosthetics and treatment of brain disorders. Optogenetics can be used for real-time control of genetically engineered brain neurons. Photosensitive proteins open and close membrane channels via light-inducible activation or suppression.

Optogenetics previously utilized optical fibers inserted into the skull, but wireless optogenetics technologies are being developed. . Optogenetic approaches could potentially use red or near infrared light, which has high tissue penetration, delivered by light emitting diodes (LED).

• RetroSense Therapeutics (aquired by Allergan in 2016) was sponsored by Retina Foundation of the Southwest to perform a clinical trail on human patients with retinitis pigmentosa. Channelrhodopsin-2 was delivered to retina cells in an AAV vector.

• Wireless optogenetic nanoscale device
• Deep brain electrical stimulation for Parkinson's disease (Circuit Therapeutics)

• Argus II (Second Sight)
• IRIS 2 (Pixium)
• Alpha-AMS (Retina Implant)

• BrainGate2, sucessor to BrainGate that is smaller than a contact lens and is surgically implanted into the ares of a disabled user’s motor cortexmotor cortex. Research on BrainGate2 is by the BrainGate Research Team which is funded from federal and philanthropic sources and separate from BrainGate the company.

• BrainGate Neural Interface, developed by Cyberkinetics with the Department of Neuroscience at Brown UniversityBrown University developed for people with paralysis. Intellectual property is owned by the BrainGate company.

• Synchron, Inc., implantable neural interface, assistive technologyassistive technology for paralysis and neurological conditions

A BCI relies on direct measures of brain activity, provides feedback to the user, is processed in real time and relies on intentional control. BCIs measure central nervous system (CNS) activity, converting it into artificial output in order to replace, restore, enhance, supplement or improve natural CNS output and changes the ongoing interactions between the CNS and the external and internal environment. BCI systems have applications in neurorehabilitation and, assistive device technology, cognitive enhancement and increasing speed of human to computer communication. TheyBCIs are used for communication or control of external prosthetic devices in people living with conditions such as spinal cord injury, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Locked-in Syndrome (LIS) and Multiple Sclerosis (MS). BCIs can be used for functional electrical stimulation of muscles in a paralyzed person or of peripheral nerves to restore bladder function. BCIs can monitor brain activity during prolonged demanding tasks and detect lapses of attention and alert the person. BCIs are used in research to study CNS function.

• Cadwell Industries, Inc, neurophysiology devices
• PlatoScience
• Neurosphere
• RxFunction
• ANT Neuro
• Neurable
• PlatoScience, tDCS for boosting cognition
• Neurosphere, neurofeedback enhanced meditation for enhanced well-being and productivity
• RxFunction, leg sensory neuroprosthesis for neuropathy and balance problems
• ANT Neuro, recording and analysis for EEG, EMG, MRI, TMS and MEG technology
• Neurable, neurotechnology hardwared and software, EEG-based, interpretation of human intent, control of devices, VR games

• Integra LifeSciences Corporation

• Allen Brain Atlas

For training BCI users, virtual reality is a method of providing feedback. In gaming for the purposes of entertainment, virtual reality headsetsvirtual reality headsets used for gaming could include EEG sensors to potentially allow games to respond differently to the user depending on their mood or how they respond to particular elements of the game.

• BIOS
• NeuroPace
• BIOS, BCI linked to AI to discover neural biomarkers and use AI-based neural treatments to treat chronic conditions
• NeuroPace, implantable BCI to treat neurological disorders, responsive neurostimulator (RNS) system for epilepsy

• MindMaze SA, rehabilitation, virtual reality medical products to neural recovery
• Neuroelectrics
• Synchron, Inc.
• NextMind
• Neuroelectrics, EEG-based brain monitoring, brain stimulation, home therapy research
• Synchron, Inc., implantable neural interface, assistive technology for paralysis and neurological conditions
• NextMind, EEG-based BCI for mass market

• BrainCo, Inc.
• MindMaze SA
• BrainCo, Inc., cognitive training and prosthetics
• MindMaze SA, virtual reality medical products to neural recovery

• Neuroloom
• Blackrock Microsystems LLC
• Neuroloom, living electrodes made with nerve cells grown in microscopic needles interface with the retina to improve the ability to stimulate the retina and restore vision
• Blackrock Microsystems LLC, provides tools for neural engineering and neuroprosthetics
• Natus Medical, neuromonotoring products
• Emotiv
• NeuroSky
• Emotiv, EEG brain monitoring
• NeuroSky, EEG
• Nihon Kohden, EEG
• Compumedics Limited
• Compumedics Limited, neurophysiology, cardiology, sleep disorders
• g.tec medical engineering, invasive and non-invasive BCIs
• Brain Products GmbH, neurophysiological hardware and software
• Advanced Brain Monitoring, B-Alert wireless EEG

• Electromyography

• BrainGate2, sucessor to BrainGate that is smaller than a contact lens and is surgically implanted into the ares of a disabled user’s motor cortex. Research on BrainGate2 is by the BrainGate Research TeamBrainGate Research Team which is funded from federal and philanthropic sources and separate from BrainGate the company.
• Responsive neurostimulation (RNS), utilizes intracranial electroencephalography (EEG) to detect seizures and delivers stimulation to cortical and subcortical brain structures for seizure control

• CTRL-labs

• CTRL-labs, electromyography-based armband that reads nerve signal intentions to move

• Neuralink
• Kernel
• Neuralink, developing implantable brain-computer interface (BCI) called the N1 sensor
• Kernel, developing hardware and software for implantable devices for people with neurological and degenerative diseases like epilepsy, dementia and Alzheimer’s disease
• Metabrain
• Truust Neuroimaging
• Paradromics
• Metabrain, neural interfaces to speed up communication between humans and computers
• Truust Neuroimaging, neuroimaging, data processing and analysis
• Paradromics, developing implantable chip/neural interface for brains and computers to exchange data, communication device for people with paralysis

• BrainGate Neural Interface, developed by Cyberkinetics with the Department of Neuroscience at Brown University developed for people with paralysis. Intellectual property is owned by the BrainGate company.
• BrainGate2, sucessor to BrainGate that is smaller than a contact lens and is surgically implanted into the ares of a disabled user’s motor cortex. Research on BrainGate2 is by the BrainGate Research Team which is funded from federal and philanthropic sources and separate from BrainGate the company.

• BrainGate Neural Interface
• BrainGate2
• BrainGate Neural Interface, developed by Cyberkinetics with the Department of Neuroscience at Brown University developed for people with paralysis
• BrainGate2, sucessor to BrainGate that is smaller than a contact lens and is surgically implanted into the ares of a disabled user’s motor cortex.

• Common Spatial Pattern (CSP).